A study is reported in which 14 bilingually schooled and 16 conventionally schooled Mexican-American children and their parents were subjects of research over a two-year period. The bilingual program students were found to be using Spanish more after several years and continued this pattern over time. (Author/RM)

The author discusses the pros and cons of using and teaching commonly used phrases in shorthand. (BP)

This article looks at question forms in everyday language usage from a functional point of view. Question forms are used more often in classrooms than in other situations. The advantages and disadvantages of exploiting question forms in the language classroom are examined. (CLK)

Describes exercises using typical expressions used in conversation, including idioms, partial or complete clauses, syntactic structures, etc. Refers to Herder Institute's (1971) five steps in language learning, of which Step Five includes 4000 lexical units to be mastered for active use, plus 3000 for passive recognition. Gives examples and…

Reviews some of the current literature on the sociolinguistic aspects of ESL. (RM)

Latin Americans stand much closer to the person they're speaking to than do North Americans. Why? It's all in our basic concepts of space. The author discusses why some North Americans may be having difficulty accepting the new open-space schools, and what can be done about it. (Editor)

Attitude and use in language do not always coincide. The foreign language teacher should be aware of language variation so that he can decide what forms to teach and when to introduce variants. Several generalizations about variation and acceptability in language are made. (Author/ND)

Second part of article begun in Engl Lang Teaching, v23 n2, Jan 1969.

The complexity of language use can be illustrated by the storytelling of three different language users. The first is a college freshman, retelling a story in three different situations. In a test-like situation, her language is short and choppy, whereas in more natural settings involving family and friends, her language is more spontaneous. In…

Previous research has shown a similar starting time for early combinations of words and play actions in children and has suggested that similar cognitive processes underlie the transition to combining activities in language, symbolic play, and manipulative play. A study was undertaken to investigate combining activities in these three domains and…

Accepting that language diversity is functionally related to other variables characterizing human societies, much discussion stems from the advantages or disadvantageous nature of language diversity in terms of national development and national unity. To discover ways of measuring language diversity would help, in part, to solve the language…

The opportunity to discover the flaws in newspaper letters to the editor and to evaluate the ensuing consequences can help beginning persuasive writing students, who have had little practice at forming arguments, begin to conceptualize for themselves the ways that principles of persuasive discourse apply in particular writing situations. The study…