The formal development of critical thinking is discussed, and guidance is provided to help faculty insure that critical thinking becomes an integral part of learning. Theory, research, teaching practice, and college programs pertinent to the development and role of critical thinking are presented in order to show how educators have shaped…

A test battery termed "Assessment of Reading and Language Maturity" (ALARM) contains 15 subtests designed to cover the major and minor elements involved in assessing and promoting progress toward reading-language-thinking and social-emotional maturity. Although still undergoing development, ALARM has been administered to and partially…

This book provides secondary reading teachers with a practical guide for establishing a reading laboratory program. Written in conversational style, it contains diary-like comments and includes student responses to the activities described. The first section deals with the following topics: determining the physical aspects of a reading laboratory,…

This study was designed to determine the relationship between the Lowenfeldian visual-haptic (perceptual) and the Piagetian concrete-formal (operational reasoning) continua. The study also investigated the relationship between age, sex, academic goal, academic preference, and a person's perceptual aptitude or intellectual reasoning abilities.…

This two-volume annotated bibliography cites 900 articles covering a variety of issues related to preschool education in several Eastern and Western countries, including England, France, Italy, Russia, Czechoslovakia, Germany, and the United States. Entries are classified into 13 main categories: social and ideological bases of preschool…

Developmental patterns in one mode of formal reasoning (probabilistic reasoning) were examined in this research study, specifically: (1) to determine if developmental patterns of probabilistic reasoning could be confirmed using a large, diverse sample of subjects, and if they could be similar despite variations in the complexity of the reasoning…

The acquisition of rules for formulating causative verbs was studied with children over a period of a few years. Most of the data is based on the spontaneous speech of the author's two daughters, from age 2;6 to 6;2 and from age 2;4 to 3;11. It was hypothesized that there are at least two prerequisites for the child's formulation of a general rule…

The literature of reading theory and research suggests a number of key factors involved in the comprehension process. In simplest terms, comprehension is the process by which an individual actively generates meaning from some linguistic input. Five factors of reading comprehension have been identified through research: vocabulary knowledge, the…

Strategies for the development of comprehension during the beginning reading stages are discussed in this paper. Among the topics dealt with are relationships between developmental stages of speech production and reading comprehension; ways of creating a reading climate that promotes experiences with literature; specific techniques for using…

An ideal secondary level remedial reading program would be based on the philosophy that both freedom and structure are required, that learning demands involvement and feedback, and that success breeds success. Such programs should be structured (i.e., based on clearly defined content and a clearly designated mode of presentation). There are many…

THE PURPOSES OF THIS PILOT PROJECT WERE (1) TO ATTEMPT TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF THE LOCAL PROGRAM ON BOTH INDIVIDUAL CHILDREN AND THE GROUP AND (2) TO INVESTIGATE THE SENSITIVITY OF THE TEST INSTRUMENTS EMPLOYED IN EVALUATING SUCH A PROGRAM. SIXTY-ONE CHILDREN WERE ENROLLED IN THE LOCAL HEADSTART PROGRAM AND WERE ADMINISTERED THE STANFORD-BINET,…

IN 1960 AT TORONTO, CANADA, A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF ACHIEVEMENT WAS BEGUN IN JUNIOR KINDERGARTEN WITH 8,695 CHILDREN. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE (1) TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF JUNIOR KINDERGARTEN ATTENDANCE ON THE ACHIEVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN, AND (2) TO EXAMINE THE NATURE OF THE WORLD OF JUNIOR AND SENIOR KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN.…

A PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM WAS DEVELOPED IN WHICH THE ONLY TEACHER FOR THE CHILD IS HIS MOTHER. IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT MOTHERS OF LOW SOCIOECONOMIC AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL CAN CONTRIBUTE MATERIALLY, WITH MINIMAL BUT PROPER TRAINING, TO THE INTELLECTUAL AND LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR CHILDREN. THE TRAINING PROGRAM FOR THE MOTHERS…

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF PROFESSOR BRUNER, THE CENTER FOR COGNITIVE STUDIES AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY HAS CARRIED OUT A SERIES OF STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITION. THERE HAVE BEEN OVER 30 EXPERIMENTS ON THE GROWTH OF PERCEPTION, PROBLEM-SOLVING, AND REASONING BETWEEN THE AGES OF 3 AND 10, IN PURSUIT OF A THEORY TO ACCOUNT FOR THE CHANGES IN…

Unpaid community activities have been widely recommended as learning experiences for adolescents. An evaluation was conducted of two community action learning programs, one which placed adolescents one-to-one in adult-dominated settings and the other which gave adolescents a group project to plan and carry out with adult assistance. Both programs…