The goal of this study is to investigate the acquisition of causal relations with parce que "because" and temporal relations with quand "when" by children between age 3 and 5. We aim at identifying whether different discourse type, conversation and narration, allow children to use quand and parce que with different semantic…

The children of Nepal are culturally diverse, speak many languages, and come to school with diverse perspectives. To address these needs, the challenge is to translate classroom instruction into cultural diversity responsive instruction (CDRI) and develop the critically conscious responses that are needed. Thus this study was designed to carry out…

Despite a rapid growth in the number of dual language learning children (DLLs) in the United States, there is a limited understanding of what parents of DLLs believe and know about dual language learning and education, and how parental beliefs and knowledge relate to children's dual language experiences at home. In the current study, 225 parents…

This paper analyzes how multi-level marketing companies (MLMs), via direct selling through electronic commerce (e-commerce) and social media, enact and evade federal language policy to maximize profits. Here we describe the federal language policies that govern this type of e-commerce, and in particular, the language policies of the Federal Trade…

The reported past tense is one of the basic grammar topics taught to learners in the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language. It is explained in the Turkish textbooks used for foreign language teaching that this mode has functions of "hearing from another" and "become aware of the events in a later time". In our daily lives,…

For more than 90 years, terminology related to giftedness in Brazil has evolved, proliferating terms used to describe gifted individuals. Terms such as "superdotado" (the common translation of "gifted" into Portuguese) may lead lay people to think of gifted students as only those with extremely high ability or extraordinary…

Among other aspects, the quantitative researchers point out that defining the research sample is an extremely important question which contributes to the research validity and objectivity, thus raising dillemas on specifying the sample in the qualitative researches related to language phenomena and questions. Therefore, this paper aims to answer…

The distinction between 'self' and 'identity' is explored using James Baldwin's work and Western anthropology's assignment of 'self' only to Western dominant cultures. Anthropologists perform epistemicide on these 'less advanced' cultures by reducing them to identification with the group with no inner life. Identity is then explored as an artifact…

Few individuals--whether scholars or laypersons--think that the words "smart" or "intelligent" suffice to characterize a person's intellectual strengths. In this article, the author reviews a set of terms commonly used to characterize intellectual strengths and then introduces the concept of "synthesizing"--an…

Ideologies of language and race are deeply connected in the United States. Language practices associated with racially marginalized communities, such as African American Language (AAL) or Spanglish, are often heavily stigmatized. Such stigma is not grounded in empirical research on language, but rather in "raciolinguistic ideologies"…

The use of subordination enables language users to achieve syntactic efficiency by allowing them to connect ideas in temporal/logical relation. Although the importance of subordination has been recognized in previous research on second language (L2) writing, it has been typically assessed with global indices that measure overall ratio of…

This article presents the development of a specialized data set for analyzing Estonian metadiscourse markers in academic usage, extending Hyland's interpersonal metadiscourse model to a non-Indo-European language. Our goal is to show how metadiscourse, as a feature of a writing tradition, can reveal aspects of writing in languages other than…

This study aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between maternal conversational participation and the unconventional language of autistic children, and whether the relative vocabulary diversity between mother and child would affect the relationship between them. Participants were 39 autistic Mandarin-speaking children, aged 3-6 years,…

The main aim of the present study is to reveal the relationship between a 4th-grade EFL textbook used in Turkiye and the mediation notion that is given a place in the Companion Volume to the CEFR (CEFR/CV) in 2018. The deductive thematic content analysis method of qualitative research, including techniques such as re-reading and taking notes, was…

Parents describe a want for better sex education for their young children compared to their own myth and silence-led experiences while growing up. However, introducing the vagina has proved a challenging step too far for many parents. This study arose from a secondary qualitative data analysis of 20 focus groups with parents in Ireland about how…