This paper contends that the World War II settlements, the birth of the United Nations, the invention of the computer, and the geometric growth of science and technology, all occurring accidentally at the same time, created the conditions which made English an important language. The paper notes the financial incentives in servicing international…

The term "content and language integrated learning" is suggested as an umbrella term for a general pedagogical approach that includes a number of methods of teaching and learning non-language subjects through a second or foreign language. Usage of other, related terms is discussed, and distinctions are made between them. These include…

Language awareness activities appear to give new breath to intercultural approaches within Swiss schools. They allow children to be involved in language by comparing languages, sharing knowledge, and reflecting on language structures and functions. Children develop a rudimentary research approach to languages, and begin to understand that their…

Turkish language reform began as a language simplification effort by literary figures of the late 19th century, gathering momentum in the 1920s and 1930s to become a large-scale planning activity to save Turkish from domination by foreign influences. Change in script was easy due to low literacy rates, but purification of the lexicon, by stylistic…

A majority of the population of Friesland in the Netherlands can speak the Frisian language and over 90 percent can understand it. Frisian is spoken by 55 percent of the population but only 10 percent of the population claim to be fluent in writing Frisian. A brief review of the development of Frisian in education suggests that Frisian has a…

This booklet is a reference guide intended to serve as an introduction to basic terms, services, and supports regarding people with developmental disabilities. The different sections include: (1) a philosophy statement regarding persons with disabilities by the North Carolina Council on Developmental Disabilities; (2) guidelines on using…

In a discussion of the role of language in education, education is viewed as a semiotic apprenticeship, or opportunity to gain the cultural tools and practices for meaning-making in construction of knowledge. This process occurs through guided participation in discipline-based forms of inquiry. In this enterprise, language is seen as having a…

The reader is a component part of the only form of a text which can be discussed meaningfully as a message. As readers with different linguistic backgrounds experience texts in fusions with their own personalities and their own social and cultural backgrounds, these dynamic texts differ in different languages. Accordingly, intranslatability exists…

The role and status of English instruction in Italy is outlined. The role of English in Italy as a whole, English instruction within the educational system, the availability and training of language teachers, textbook selection and use, English outside the educational system, current research, American and British support for English instruction,…

The nature, essence, and power of thought and speech in Navajo ideology are discussed. Emphasis is given to speech and thought in the context of ritual. (SCC)

Knowledge of a language requires more than mastery of grammar; effective communication includes social and cultural aspects of language use, such as speaking volume and intonation, conventions of politeness, and set social formulas. The language teacher must be aware of these rules to convey them to students. (CHK)

This concept paper is intended to assist educators to understand why American culture has become so diverse, to review certain guiding principles and related research in effective educational practices for language instruction, and to present a number of instructional implications derived from the research. The recommendations for teachers which…

A study examined the emergent patterns and anomalies of adult readers as they unload information from their long term memory into their retellings of text. Participants were 16 graduate students enrolled in a Reading Education Seminar at Indiana University. Participants formed a heterogeneous group which included speakers of six different…

Lake Charles, Louisiana established a language bank capable of providing interpreters for 20 foreign languages. All participants are volunteers who offer to help free of charge in case of emergencies arising because of the considerable numbers of foreign visitors in the area. Smooth operation of the language bank depends on the following: (1) an…

Reflecting new understandings about language and literature, this curriculum guide is most influenced by the collective knowledge about the close association between language and learning, language and thinking, and language and personal growth. The guide recommends that students be encouraged at all times to use their personal, unstructured…