A frequency count of the syllables in an edited list of the 5,000 most common English words generated an unweighted list of the most common 322 syllables in the words and a list of 290 syllables weighted by the frequency of occurrence of words of which the syllables were constituents. The unweighted list contained 222 nonword syllables and 100…

THIS DOCUMENT COMPRISES TWO EXPERIMENTS--(1) TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER RELATIONS OF SYNONYMITY HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS TO THOSE OF ASSOCIATION AND (2) TO SEE WHETHER FALSE RECOGNITION IS DUE TO PROCESSES INVOLVED IN INITIAL CODING OF THE STIMULUS OR TO CONFUSION RESULTING FROM THE PRESENTATION OF ITS ASSOCIATE. WHEN ASKED TO INDICATE WHETHER EACH OF 200…

CHINESE SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES USUALLY SPEAK CHINESE WITH ENGLISH WORDS INSERTED. IN MANDARIN CHINESE, A TONE-SANDHI RULE CHANGES A THIRD TONE PRECEDING ANOTHER THIRD TONE TO A SECOND TONE. THE THIRD TONE IS LOW--THE THREE OTHER TONES ARE HIGH. IT IS THE (-HIGH) FEATURE THAT PROVOKES CHINESE TONE SANDHI. USING THE TONE-SANDHI RULE, THE…

THE SELF-IMPOSED RESTRICTION OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE TO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE HAS PREVENTED LINGUISTS FROM CONCERNING THEMSELVES WITH THE STUDY OF HOW LANGUAGE IS USED IN THE DAILY LIVES OF PEOPLE AND, ASIDE FROM OCCASIONAL SPECULATIONS, HOW IT IS INVOLVED IN THE MAJOR CONCERNS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE--SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND PERSONALITY.…

IN RECENT DISCUSSIONS OF THE PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY, BERNSTEIN (1961, 1964) EXPLORES THE HYPOTHESIS THAT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ACT AS INTERVENING VARIABLES BETWEEN LINGUISTIC STRUCTURES AND THEIR REALIZATION IN SPEECH. HIS FORMULATION SUGGESTS THAT THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS' ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS…

AN APOPHONE MAY BE DEFINED GENERALLY AS A POLYSYLLABIC VOWEL SEQUENCE SUCH THAT EACH CONTAINED VOWEL IS LOWER OR MORE RETRACTED THAN THE VOWEL WHICH PRECEDES IT --"SING, SANG, SUNG," AND "CLINK, CLANK, CLUNK" ARE EXAMPLES IN ENGLISH. FOR NEARLY EVERY CASE OF GRAMMATICAL APOPHONY IN ENGLISH THERE IS A NON-GRAMMATICAL (YET…

Ninety-six subjects were assigned randomly to eight groups of 12 subjects. The independent variables were (1) controlled association strength between groups of words within a string (high association [HA] versus low association [LA]), (2) syntactic structure (grammatical [G] versus ungrammatical [U] strings), and (3) instructions (ordered learning…

This study was designed to examine the relationship between values and listening comprehension. Subjects were 146 freshman and sophomore basic speech students at Eastern Michigan University during the 1971 summer session. The listening sub-test of the Sequential Tests of Educational Progress (STEP) and the Allport, Vernon, and Lindzey Study of…

The author has collected in this volume his papers and talks over the past 20 years on the subject of information theory. He identifies the underlying thread of his work--the idea that there is a valid analogy between Heisenberg's "Principle of Uncertainty" and certain aspects of information theory. Three of his papers then provide introductory…

An evaluation of kindergarten children's awareness of lexical units and of the relationship of this variable to prediction of beginning reading is presented. Eighty-four kindergarten children--47 boys and 37 girls--served as the subjects and were tested individually for their ability to identify word boundaries spoken in sentences. The study…

This paper proposes a data management technique which frees the linguist's time from purely mechanical function better performed through purely mechanical means, thus permitting the linguist to utilize the savings in time to perform those tasks for which he is most highly trained. The number of combinations possible in terms of columns on the data…

To measure the symmetry of adult categorical phoneme perception, 10 adult male undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology class were the subjects for this study as part of their course requirements. The stimuli used in this study were prepared at Haskins Laboratories by means of a parallel resonance synthesizer and computer. The…

This research is designed to fulfill the need of scholars, teachers, and developers of teaching materials who are active in the study and compilation of Russian textbooks. Through computer processing, the idioms were classified on the basis of pertinent linguistic criteria, including phonological, morphological, and syntactic information. Included…

The quality of redundancy in language usage can be examined to determine its effect on communication efficiency. Semiotic redundancy, defined as the quantity of prolixity between semantic and pragmatic information, has the potential of reducing equivocation and error and, at the optimal level, provides maximum communication efficiency. Thus,…

A homophone is a word having the same pronunciation as another English word, but a different spelling. A list of 7,300 English homophones was compiled and used to construct two tests. Scores were obtained in these and on reference tests for J. P. Guilford's factors CMU, CSU, DMU, and DSU for 70 native speakers of midwestern American English from a…