Students who speak in a jargon related to, but different from, Standard American English and students who know a single or limited word meaning but are unable to translate that word into a new subject area content both need reading instruction as though Standard American English were their second language. All content area teachers must teach…

Three principles are integral to any reading theory which provides reading teachers and researchers with the linguistic explanatory power required by linguistic theory. A clear understanding of language is dependent on the knowledge of what language is and how it works. There is an important distinction between competence and performance; most…

This study applies the spectrographic techniques to the analysis of the 11 vowels in the Hanoi dialect of Vietnamese. The analysis involves 5,500 spectrograms made of 869 common words containing these vowels, which are identified and described in terms of their Formant 1 and Formant 2 frequencies. Chapter 1 discusses the dialectal features of the…

Jargon grows and communication is retarded when a learned vocabulary becomes more important for its social than its communicative functions. Teachers often severely correct the culturally deprived speaker of nonstandard English, whereas their first concern should be what is communicated, not how it is communicated. We are, after all, teaching…

In this investigation, 72 second-, fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade speakers of black English were studied in an attempt to determine whether a relationship exists between the speaking of black English and the reading of standard English. Two variables of oral language were examined: the degree of divergence from standard English and the ability…

The 15 articles in this issue of "Reading in Virginia" focus on various aspects of reading instruction. Topics of the articles are an analysis of American Indian dialect and its implications for the reading curriculum, community involvement, 13 basic words, kinesics and reading, a psycholinguistic perspective of reading problems, how…

This article argues that QUE-deletion in Montreal French is a syntactic rule, rather than a phonological one, as earlier treatments had claimed. It is divided into five sections: (1) a discussion of why the rule accounting for the alternation of QUE with zero is a deletion, not an insertion rule, (2) a critique of the best known earlier…

A linear programed textbook, "Reading by Patterns: A Programmed Guide to Reading Sentences and Paragraphs," by Carl Lefevre, et al., is evaluated in three studies and found to be effective with remedial readers with nonstandard English dialects. The textbook is used in a tutorial program in which a tutor reads the directions and exercise…

Seventy-eight articles dealing with the teaching of reading to the culturally disadvantaged are surveyed in this selected annotated bibliography. The articles surveyed appeared in American periodicals and journals between 1966 and 1971. The bibliography is designed to serve as a quick and useful source of reference for teachers of the culturally…

The items in this annotated bibliography are intended to aid the secondary and postsecondary instructor of Black American rhetoric. Selections define aspects of the traditional African world view and its modes of expression, demonstrate African cultural continuity in the New World, show the impact of American existential circumstances, and…

This study investigates the extent to which nonstandard forms of written English create for readers stereotypes of the writer's personality. To determine the extent to which nonstandard writing is apparent to speakers of standard and nonstandard English, and to what extent such writing represents a socioeconomic liability for the writer, two…

This article discusses language planning in the People's Republic of China, and opens by commenting on the difficulty in observing the language planning process in China, particularly in the area of decision-making. A brief history of language planning is provided. Following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, a shift took place…

It is argued in this paper that teachers must develop an awareness of the historical implications of the black dialect. A sample in-class composition written in black dialect is quoted in its entirety and analyzed, and a personal writing approach is described. The first part of the approach deals with structure, and a linguistic method is used for…

Drawing on the analogy between the linguistic Romanization of Europe and the Hispanization of America, this paper attempts to investigate the validity of the so-called substream theory to account for the development and diversification of the Romance languages. Phonetic peculiarities of Spanish in America are analyzed, and it is concluded that…

This guide was designed to provide both the occasional and the professional bilingual Spanish-English translator with some working definitions based on modern linguistics and to call his or her attention to certain difficulties in translating. Sections on the following are included: (1) context sensitivity, (2) frequency matching, (3) style…