Data are presented that challenge the difficulty ordering for anaphoric syntax (e.g., pronouns) proposed by Bormuth, Manning, Carr, and Pearson. It is suggested that any such difficulty ordering which results from tests of the form proposed by Bormuth has uncontrolled variability due to semantic factors that have yet to be carefully analyzed and…

Part 8 of a continued article. (SK)

Children from 18-30 months who spoke in either one-or two-word utterances were tested for their ability to discriminate between grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. Results showed that these children can discriminate. (ST)

The original version of the "Helen Keller Story" and a linguistically more complex version of it were used to test the hypothesis that reading comprehension is affected by the complexity of linguistic structures. Complexity was measured by four readability measures, the mean number of words per T-unit, and the Schmidt-Kittrell Linguistic…

Concerns the language development of four children between the ages of 19 and 26 months, as they progressed from single-word utterances to a mean length of utterance of 2.5 morphemes. The observed developmental sequence is described and possible linguistic and cognitive explanations for it are discussed.

The factive nominal construction of Spanish shows to what extent semantic notions and syntactic constraints are mutually influential. Positive presupposition on the part of the speaker as to truth or falsehood of a subordinate proposition is reflected by the use of the indicative mood; negative or indefinite presupposition by use of the…

Synonyms are not in syntactic free-variation. Some text composition rules are examined and it is shown that they prevent the occurrence of paradoxical utterances which could arise if synonyms were freely substitutable. (Text is in German.) (TL)

This paper discusses the interrelations between the three aspects of semiotics - semantics, syntactics and pragmatics. Topics covered include the structure of semiotics, foundations of the category of sign, the centrality of pragmatics, relations between semiotics and linguistics, and between semiotics and the theory of art. (CK)

Focuses on time aspect in modern Japanese fiction as presented in Masao Miyoshi's book on Japanese fiction, "Accomplices of Silence, The Modern Japanese Novel." Miyoshi's claims, that Japanese has no clearly established tense and that forms of past and present are interchanged, are discussed. (SC)

Contradicts the single subjunctive theory of Dwight Bolinger and supports Samuel Gili Y Gaya in recognizing the subjunctive as more than one syntactic phenomenon. (CK)

The reply is divided into three sections discussing the data on derivations that Zaitchik had cited against the author's theory, some minor points on the internal structure of the theory, and two major points about explicitness. (SC)

THIS GRAMMAR IS A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES OF THE ESTONIAN LANGUAGE BASED UPON THE SPEECH OF AN EDUCATED NATIVE INFORMANT FROM TARTU. IT CONTAINS A DETAILED STUDY OF THE PHONEMIC, MORPHOPHONEMIC, AND INFLECTIONAL SYSTEMS AS WELL AS BRIEF SKETCHES OF STEM EXPANSION AND SYNTAX. THE AUTHOR HAS EMPLOYED THE TRANSFORMATIONAL…

THIS STUDY WAS CONCERNED WITH THE SYNTACTIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN WHICH ASSOCIATIVELY RELATED AND ASSOCIATIVELY UNRELATED NOUNS APPEAR IN SENTENCE PRODUCTIONS. TWENTY SS (SUBJECTS) WERE ASKED TO WRITE SENTENCES THAT CONTAINED FOUR NOUNS. THE HIGH ASSOCIATION (HA) SS WERE GIVEN GROUPS OF ASSOCIATIVELY RELATED NOUNS, AND THE LOW ASSOCIATION (LA) SS…

THE PAPER QUESTIONS THE ADEQUACY OF CHOMSKY'S PROPOSALS FOR FORMALLY RECONSTRUCTING THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES AND GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS. THE DEEP STRUCTURE VALIDITY OF THE NOTIONS "SUBJECT" AND "OBJECT" IS ALSO QUESTIONED. THE WRITER PROPOSES TO RECOGNIZE, INSTEAD, VARIOUS INTRODUCED NOUN PHRASES SUGGESTIVE…