Bilingual education in the United States has been directed by various language education policies to which there are three dimensions: (1) the language or dialect the child speaks on entering school; (2) the type of language policy in the school, which may be monolingual or one of three types of bilingual policies; (3) the divisions of language…

Bilingual education means that equal emphasis is given to the development of the child's first language and to the learning of English as a second language. The teacher should know exactly where his students are in the development of their first language when they begin to study the second language. This requires a knowledge of the language…

The purpose of this study is to examine bidialectalism as an educational policy. The study is in two major sections: the first portion is concerned with the problems inherent in the policy process itself, with those aspects of educational decision-making which combine to make reasonable policy outcomes difficult to achieve; the second section…

This book deals with the isolation and alienation of native-language speaking minority groups resulting from the teaching strategies and procedures used in the public school system. Chapters include: "The Problem Defined," which states the problem of handicapped English and argues that it is a cultural rather than a psychological phenomenon; "The…

To determine the ability of both black and white children to repeat sentences which conform to the grammatical rules of standard versus nonstandard English, and to examine how attendance at racially and socioeconomically integrated versus segregated schools affected performance in standard and nonstandard English, third and fourth graders were…

This is primarily a book for the classroom teacher, although it will also prove useful to parents, child-guidance workers, physicians, and others who are concerned with the development and training of children with speech handicaps. Contents include "Speech Improvement as an Educational Problem,""Recognizing Speech Disabilities,""The Development…

Designed to discriminate Negro dialect speech from standard English, the Rystrom Dialect Test seeks to overcome three problems encountered in research about Negro speech; determining what stable elements distinguish Negro dialect from standard English, constructing a test easily administered to a young child and capable of measuring the…

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages and Dialects is a complex task. However, there is a growing awareness of the similarities of the various types of English teaching, as well as a recognition of the need for communication among teachers. Well-designed TESL or TEFL curricula, regardless of the type of program, share certain objectives…

The workshop produced three speeches which form the three parts of this document. The first, "Children's Materials and the Black Experience" by Augusta Baker, discussed many children's books and how they relate to the black child. The second speech, "What the Appalachian Child Brings to your Classroom" by Rebecca Caudill,…

Foreign language constrastive analysis, pattern practice, and oral drilling served as the experimental treatment in this study investigating whether a regular English class format for teaching English to reading students whose natural language is Black English (BE) is adequate in presenting Standard English (SE) at the secondary level. The form BE…

The question of standards of language and attitudes toward language is discussed in this set of conference papers. In the initial paper, a short review of language teaching practices in the United States since 1900 is presented. At that time, both grammar texts and books on language written for the general public displayed a rigid and unyielding…

There is justification for the study of black language to help improve language self-concepts in the black community and to assist in reducing the oppressions of black people. Research literature has generally centered on these approaches: (1) black language is an unsystematic, childlike linguistic system; (2) it is basically an extension of…

This programmed teacher-training kit in applied linguistics for elementary and secondary teachers is designed for both individual and group in-service training. The kit consists of a workbook divided into four programmed workshops (attitudes affecting the image of the English teacher, language acquisition and testing; classroom methodology;…

Phonics instruction was taught two ways to 63 predominantly black tenth graders in a Trenton, New Jersey high school to see if the approach used affected the gains made in phonics skills. One approach taught vowel and consonant sounds, while the other taught only consonant sounds. Thirty sessions of instruction over a period of 8 weeks were…

A description of the linguistic characteristics of casual conversations of Los Angeles Negro K-3 school children was recorded outside the classroom in small groups with two to five participants. Analysis of phonological, syntactic, and lexical characteristics discloses considerable variation in the children's speech, exhibiting both a significant…