The purpose of this study was to summarize an examination of the social interactions of a sample of 370 preschool children and to demonstrate from the summary that social settings within the preschool environment differentially affect both the quality and quantity of social interaction. The Social Interaction Observation Procedure was used to…

Like all good social research methods, the interview demands careful planning and intelligent administration. The study director formulates the goals of the study, which serve as the basis for the interview schedule or instrument. The interview schedule decided upon may be standardized or unstandardized. Questions may be closed-ended or…

Data presented from two studies support the hypothesis that normative expectations of youthful deviance are held mainly by those social classes for which youth as a social moratorium exists for some length of time. As youth is a class-dependent social arrangement, it should be expected that normative expectations be held mostly by members of the…

Children will individually react to television program content according to different psychological characteristics, one of which is self-esteem. Results of one study revealed a definite relationship between a child's self-esteem and his "modeling," or imitative behavior, after observing a televised film. A self-esteem inventory was administered…

To educate children toward peace and a productive resolution of conflict instead toward inurement to war and violence the following goals are set forth: developing a respect for all life; recognizing and respecting cultural and social differences among individuals; solving problems of socialization; developing a concept of world citizenship;…

Commercial television as it currently exists presents moral content and values that are often contrary to the predominant values of the society. It emphasizes violence and illegal action; it perpetuates a system in which groups of people are devalued because of sex, race, age, and other such criteria. There is good reason to believe that this type…

Cooperation among individuals depends upon both the goal structure of the situation and the cooperative skills of the individuals. Since cooperation is probably the most important and basic form of human interaction, the skills of cooperation successfully are some of the most important skills a person needs to master. Cooperative skills include…

Research was conducted to study environmental factors associated with the development of cognitive style in children. The hypothesis was that the parents of field-independent children grant them more autonomy and power than do parents of field-dependent children. The sample consisted of 38 white, middle-class kindergartners, 19 boys and 19 girls,…

This reference book is designed for the social science researcher, the applied behavioral scientist, and other practitioners or researchers who need instruments measuring human behavior. The first section of the book provides reviews of 84 instruments designed to measure social functioning--38 oriented to personal variables (13…

This study focuses upon some aspects of the social behavior of 2-year-old children being reared in long-stay residential nurseries. These children are compared with working class 2-year-old children being raised in two-parent homes in which the mother is not working full-time and there are no older siblings of preschool age. All children were…

One answer to standardized testing is the direct and continuous measurement of performance. Direct, continuous naturalistic observation of behavior yields a great deal of information per assessment unit. The information is precise and because it is direct, there is no question that it represents a "true sample" of the target behavior, as there is…

An investigation of a theory of "idiosyncrasy credit" which was developed by Hollander (1958) as a framework for understanding status and conformity, was undertaken in the community college setting. Idiosyncrasy credit represents status and allows for behavior which may exceed the "limits" set by the common expectancies of a group. The specific…

This report consists of four parts. The first part is a non-technical summary of the basic problem and an attempted solution. The second part is a technical review of the literature and a description of the basic algorithm used in the solution. The third part describes the use of the Sociogram System. The fourth part describes the use of CHAIN, a…

This study focuses on the roles of partner-and self-perception in the stability and quality of male-male, female-female, female-male, and male-female interpersonal relationships. The results reveal that, with the exception of male same-sex relationships individuals perceive greater satisfaction from "maximizing" or self-enhancement choices in…

In this study, men were perceived to be less masculine and less preferred as fellow participants if they were labeled homosexual. The man responsible for the primary labeling of the homosexual was perceived as more masculine and more sociable when he labeled the homosexual than when he did not. (Author/WI)