Witelson found that boys but not girls showed right-hemisphere specialization for tactile-spatial processing as early as six years. Witelson's task was administered to 46 normal four- and five-year olds. Both sexes showed right-hemisphere specialization. No sex differences appeared either in specialization or in overall performance. (Author/SJL)

Three- to 7-year-old children were trained through reinforcement to select the more or less numerous of two rows of squares. All children successfully judged relative numerosity when number covaried with length or density, but only concrete operational children were successful when numbers did not covary with other dimensions. (Author/DB)

Finds that (1) playfulness is a trait related to divergent, creative thinking; (2) allowing young children to play with objects can lead to increased performance on problem solving and divergent thinking tasks involving the same or similar objects; and (3) play training leads to short term gains in young children's cognitive performance.…

For developmental social psychology to be clinically practical, it must use categories of experience similar to categories that counselors, clinicians, and other practitioners find useful. Describes how individuals may function at different levels depending on the context in which they are expressing their understanding. (Author)

Outlines three constructs, the assumptive reality of childhood and the imaginary audience and personal fable of adolescence, which help explain normal and problem behavior. Counselors are asked to accept the young person's view of reality as valid and help him/her distinguish between personal and social reality. (Author)

Loevinger responds to Swensen on the number of stages in ego development, the importance of considering the client's ego level and that of counseling students, the need for more research on the optimum level for the counselor in relation to the client, and the aims of therapy and psychoanalysis. (Author)

Encourages an expansion of the counselor's role through an evaluation of the efficacy of certain cognitive training procedures in teaching young children skills for interpersonal problem solving. (Author)

This annotated bibliography cites 15 references on cognitive development in adolescence and its implications for secondary school teaching. Particular attention is given to Piaget's theory of the formal operational state of thought. (SJL)

Discusses the environmental, sociological, physical, and psychological elements of learning styles as well as how to put learning styles to work in the instructional program. (WD)

Contends that Jean Piaget's theories may be helpful in three areas of reading instruction: (1) when reading instruction should begin and how it should proceed, (2) the effect of the mature reader's cognitive development on comprehension, and (3) how the theories can help to refine reading theory. (FL)

Argues that developmental psychologists need attitudes, methods, and conceptual schemes that integrate the distinctive contributions of both nature and nurture in order to study change and consistency in developmental functions, as well as individual differences in behaviors of interest. A conceptual scheme for early mental development is…

Using the objective technique of increased mark-directed responses as evidence of self-recognition, this study investigated the relationship between cognitive and affective development among young retarded children. (Author/MP)

A set of covariation problems was structured so that the solution pattern across problems would indicate the judgment rule used by each subject. A developmental trend across subjects in fourth, seventh, and tenth grades and in college demonstrated rule shifts toward use of increasingly accurate rules. (Author/RH)

Levels of illness conceptualization were studied among 72 children (6 1/2-15 years old), 36 with diabetic siblings. Results revealed a significant association between pretested Piagetian level of cognitive development and illness conceptualization. (Author/SBH)

Evaluates the effects of an intensive period of dramatic play upon the cognitive structures of 12 three- to five-year-old children. (CM)