This paper presents some aspects of polyphonic theory, which contests the idea of the unique speaking subject and claims that several voices can be manifest in one utterance. The theory is related to the analysis of a coherent text consisting of several utterances. The notions of enunciator, speaker, enunciation, and utterance are defined in…

This paper proposes an explanation for the limited possibilities of realized conjunctions in multitermed coordinations. It argues that conjunction "&" heads a fully articulated phrase (&P), which can iterate &P shells, similar to "V" in Larson's (1988) VP-shell hypothesis. This structure enables a single & to unify any number of conjuncts, and…

A discussion of the phenomenological approach to text translation first analyzes the deconstructive approach, contrasts the two, and then describes the elements of the phenomenological approach that offer promise for the improvement of translation. The deconstructive theory, which draws on the insights of post-structuralism on the question of…

Analysis of Japanese numeral expressions provides evidence that their two semantically distinct functions, attributive and partitive, can be associated with distinct syntactic positions within the noun phrase (NP). The attributive numeral phrase occupies the position of a modifier and is a complement to N or N'. The quantifier (partitive) numeral…

The standard treatment of object pronouns in Latin American Spanish assigns a direct-object function to "lo" and "la" and an indirect-object function to "le." This study challenges this descriptive attribution in light of the contradictory and refractory evidence in Spanish morphosyntax. It is suggested that more…

The dependency approach to grammar, in which it is assumed that grammatical relations can be described in terms of a relation between two element types, a head and a dependent, is discussed in the context of Arabic. Operational criteria used for defining the notions of head and dependency are reviewed, and claims for the usefulness of recognizing…

The development of a new grammar of English for machine translation systems at Weidner Communications Corporation is described. Although the project began with the intention of simply modifying the grammar rules already in use in the translation system, the reorganization of the grammar was deemed necessary for providing a principled manner of…

Evaluates alternative methods of teaching "troublesome" Russian verbs in present and future tenses. Approaches to finding consistent and simple methods of explanation are discussed. Two techniques include memorizing the third person plural and infinitives, or memorizing the single form (the single-stem system). Problem verbs and their stems are…

Reviews concepts from discourse analysis and translates them into instructional techniques that can be used in the classroom to improve reading comprehension. (FL)

Ross Winterowd responds to Gary Sloan's "Transitions: Relationships among T-Units," by exploring the flaws in an earlier article by Winterowd that Sloan appeared to have missed in his criticism, particularly distinguishing between cohesion and coherence in writing, and between the writer's and the reader's cognitive processes. Includes a…

No one has ever been able to look into the language space, nor has anyone been able to measure the phenomenon of consciousness without the interference of an observer. This article changes the situation, showing that from now on it is possible to produce measures of consciousness without the presence of classical observation devices. The…

It is argued that in Russian verbs the perfect aspect is marked and the imperfect unmarked is wrong. For certain lexical classes, the imperfective rather than the perfective is marked. A systematic interrelationship among aspect, tense, and type of action is developed. (PMJ)

Describes the identifying chain manifested in different types of Arabic texts, demonstrates the ways a chain is formulated, and highlights the functions performed by such chains. Findings indicate that chains are unifying relations that create texture and structure within texts. (12 references) (Author/CK)

Examines the notion inherent in the Interactive Constituency Model of Perfetti and colleagues that in reading 2-character Chinese words phonology is activated at the character level rather than at the word level. Notes that the two lexical decision experiments and the naming experiment uphold the generality of character-level consistency effect of…

Discusses word-formation in today's German and demonstrates through the use of several examples (e.g., ad hoc composites such as "re-unification," and "blue-helmet deployment") how words can be objects of linguistic analyses and carriers of cultural information. (AP)