Spirituality is an important aspect of counseling. This paper identifies spirituality as a task that is a journey universal to human beings. It presents a taxonomy of spirituality/consciousness developed by Render and Lemire, postulating five levels of taxonomy: self, others, groups, the world, and cosmic. These levels apply across cultural,…

This study observed and documented the changes of college students' notion of mathematics functions in a virtual environment that integrated a synchronous and asynchronous Computer Mediated Communication system. Four Arizona State University undergraduates were teamed into pairs and solved function problems in the virtual classroom over a one…

The measurement and description of polygons and paths by elementary school students was studied from a constructivist point of view. A teaching experiment was devised to promote understanding of length based on the hypothesis that as children coordinate their number concept and their one-dimensional/two-dimensional spatial concepts they gain…

This book describes a theoretical framework, "experienced cognition," for understanding cognition at the level of conscious mental states that make up a person's stream of awareness. The central idea is a cospecification hypothesis that an experienced self and experienced objects are simultaneously specified in the information available…

This book details the findings from a research team that used cognitive principles and a large range of experiments to devise a variety of instructional designs. Their recommendations are based on 20 years of objective, published research. Although the program focused on technical subjects, the findings can easily be applied to a range of…

In the 1970s W. Doise, G. Mugny and A.-N. Perret-Clermont underlined for the first time the essential role played by social interactions in cognitive development. Since then, many authors have been studying social interactions and their mediating role in knowledge apprehension and in skills acquisition. Inspired by L. Vygotsky's theory, many…

Language is a child's major tool for learning about the world. This book presents a naturalistic case study of one child's use of language from two-and-a-half to five years, drawing on systemic functional theory to argue that cognitive development is essentially a linguistic process and offering a new description and interpretation of linguistic…

The results suggest that through meditation practice the individual may learn how to concentrate and to volitionally alter his feeling state by shifting his attention. (Author)

Deaf children, seven to thirteen years old, were observed on concrete, transitional and formal operational tasks ranging from dual classification to combinatorial reasoning. Results were related to number of years of schooling. (ST)

The present study evaluates the relationship between social learning and developmental theories in the prediction of changes in cognitive behavior. (Author)

Reports a study examining the differences between the types of questions asked while teaching reading by teachers educated in the Science Curriculum Improvement Study method of inquiry-discovery science instruction and teachers of reading not educated in this science instructional approach. (TO)

Discusses a study of reading comprehension of fourth grade students by an instrument constructed by the investigator and based upon Piaget's developmental construct of intelligence. (TO)

A presentation of learning experiences involving materials is recommended which reflects the sequence of the developmental stages. This sequence is concrete, concrete-abstract, pictorial-abstract, and abstract. Instructional examples at each level are presented. (JP)

Japanese and American children participated in a free word association experiment. Results indicated that culture was influential in the formation of language. (ST)

Investigates kindergarteners, and third graders' ability to identify novel and repeated visual stimuli. A continuous recognition memory task technique is used. Examines children's ratings of confidence in their decisions by using standardized photographs of peers expressing varying degrees of certainty. (DP)