Discusses the difference in meaning and use of "both" and "the two.""Both" applies to related actors, "the two" to independent ones. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

This study was designed to determine whether infants could perceive action role reversals when the direction of action is ruled out as a cue; whether infants consider inanimate, nonpotent objects to be unlikely agents; and whether both these discriminations could be reliably reflected in the heart rate response. (Author/SB)

Several Latinisms appear in Latin American Spanish, which would logically be farther from its Latin roots than Spanish in Spain. The existence of these elements and their importance as linguistic facts is analyzed here. Four words are treated: "Cliente,""cuadrar,""cuarto" and "rabula." (Text is in Spanish.) (CHK)

An analysis of the derivation of "why" and other interrogative adverbs shows that they do not involve the movement of NP's, and therefore do not present counter-examples to the NP Ecology Constraint. (Author/HP)

An analysis of sentence grammar is made to show that the ability to produce coherent texts emerges slowly and late in linguistic and cognitive development. (HP)

Gives some general suggestions for teaching English modal auxiliary verbs. For example, "would" and "could" should be taught as verbs in their own right, rather than as forms of "will" and "can." English modals do not exactly match German modals. (IFS/WGA)

An examination by a French lexicologist of four terms current in ecological movements: "ecologie,""environnement,""qualite de vie," and "ambiance." For each term, several French and English dictionary definitions are given and clarifying distinctions are made. In conclusion, four composite definitions are given. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

Several recent theories of information processing share the common assumption that retrieval from long-term memory is governed by the operation of two distinct processes, e.g., Posner and Snyder (1975). Examines their research through two components of attention: a fast automatic inhibitionless spreading-activation process and a slow…

Three experiments were performed to determine if the use of an organizational strategy influenced free-recall performance more than did the degree of semantic elaboration. (Editor)

A model is proposed in which information processing is accompanied by dynamic processes, including the reorganization of items into active patterns and their subsequent displacement. Research using category names and instances showed that reaction times decreased with each successive repetition under one condition, but longer latencies were…

This article considers two specific problems which arise when seeking equivalent sentences in French and in English, that of the articles and of the forms of the verbs. Without determining the internal asymmetry of the two languages, the language learner will have a highly inaccurate picture of so-called equivalents. (CFM)

Determining the gender of German nouns is an awesome task for the beginning student of German. This article lists rules which might facilitate this task. The gender can sometimes be inferred from the ending of a word, sometimes by the meaning, but sometimes only through memorization. (Author/TL)

Shows that evidence exists for a rule of neg-raising in French. Neg-raising and its domain are then reconsidered from a functional perspective, whereby the transformation is shown to be hedging device. (Author/RM)

Children in kindergarten and first and second grades were presented sentences that were harmonious, neutral or contrary to their expectations. It was found that sentences contrary to expectation elicited more misinterpretation than did harmonious and neutral sentences and that case relations were assigned to agree with what was expected. (GO)