All of the children were presented conservation of liquid and weight problems and 12 metaphor items. The results suggest that hearing loss did not affect the solution of either conservation or metaphor. (Author)

Second graders, sixth graders, and college students served in two experiments designed to assess (1) the selection and use of landmarks during route learning and (2) the coordination of successive environmental experiences into an overall configuration. (Author/RH)

Describes the development and nature of learning kits used in the infant/toddler program of Tribal American Children Center Schools. A rationale and a guide for using the learning kits are offered. (Author/RH)

First-, fifth-, and eighth-grade children were asked to make bearing and distance estimates to six targets from three sighting locations in their school. Among the results, correlations between estimated and actual bearings and distances were extremely high at all grade levels. Bearing accuracy increased between first and fifth grades. (Author/RH)

A pre- to post-test design was used to evaluate the effects of rule-based instruction on rule observance, copying performance, and discrimination skill. Three ways of imparting rules (demonstration, verbal description, and combined demonstration-verbal description) were examined, and their usefulness was compared to that of copying without…

Children's performances in pointing a telescope at landmarks surrounding their own neighborhood were assessed for 60 children in three age groups: first and second graders, fourth and fifth graders, and seventh and eighth graders. Among the results, sex differences both in point consistency and in the accuracy of pointings from imagined reference…

Reports an attempt to test two interpretations of immanent justice responses as causal attributions rather than as moral judgments. Finds older children use causal chains to explain contiguity between misdeed and adversity. Data were interpreted as consistent with an information-processing model of immanent justice responses. (RMH)

Reports on a study conducted to investigate Kohlberg's allegation that his test discerns between form and content in moral development. Indicates that the aspect of form which he measures is probably general intellectual development that rePresents norms that the school intentionally transmits to pupils. (JD)

A review is presented of major theories on the characteristics of adult cognition. The roles of social and cultural backgrounds, education, mental ability, and experience as they pertain to cognition are discussed. (JD)

The cognition theories of Piaget as they apply to adults are examined in the light of new theories about the characteristics of formal reasoning abilities and their acquisition over a long life span. (JD)

The article describes a 10-stage symbolic play language scale and relates the language concepts and structures associated with each developmental play stage. (PHR)

Tells how children's spelling strategies offer a glimpse of their knowledge about words; describes a study indicating that children's knowledge about words develops sequentially and systematically over an extended period of time. Discusses implications of the study for spelling instruction. (GT)

Presents a brief description of Adams County District 12's program to promote higher-level thinking skills in its elementary and secondary level gifted students. (SJL)