To clarify the roles of IQ and mental age (MA) in hypotheses behavior, MA-matched subjects at three levels of IQ and three levels of MA received blank trial discrimination learning problems using procedures designed to discourage position-oriented responding. (Author/BD)

An evaluation instrument, the Concept Inventory, was designed to be diagnostic, and to be helpful for student self-evaluation. A sample test instrument is shown along with some sample results. A discussion of test results is included. A bibliography is appended. (AJ)

Due to a lack of standardized testing instruments, there is a need for focusing attention on well-organized test construction by individual teachers for evaluation knowledge attainment levels in health education. (MB)

Three groups of learning disabled boys, 23 hyperactives, 25 normoactives, and 14 hypoactives, as well as 31 controls, were studied in grade school, and reevaluated at age 14. (Author/MH)

A sample of 355 first-, third-, and fifth-grade children from a middle-class school were asked to rate each of 40 adult occupations as male, female, or neutral, in terms of their attitudes about which sex has the abilities to do each job. (Author/JMB)

Endel Tulving's distinction between "episodic" and "semantic" memory defines age differences in word association norms more comprehensively than the usual syntactic classifications. As subjects mature the principal development is an episodic-semantic shift. Young children associate primarily with the stimulus' perceived…

Examination of object word learning and use in beginning (vocabulary of less than 50 words) and advanced (vocabulary of more than 50 words) infant speakers indicated that both groups formed concepts, learned, and generalized words for the to-be-learned objects. Advanced speakers learned more words and concepts and engaged in broader generalization…

Argues that developmental psychology remains parochial in spite of increased cross-cultural developmental research. Reviews research and theories dealing with cognitive development in childhood and adolescence. Contributions outside Piagetian and Vygotskian traditions are outlined along with suggestions for further research on emotional…

Developmental differences in the relative salience of features in concept representations in semantic memory and their contributions to differences in cued recall were examined in two experiments. Subjects were second graders, fifth graders, and college students. Results showed that recall varied with feature salience, with salience greatest for…

A four-level taxonomy is proposed for categorizing the ways that literacy is defined in education. The taxonomy is then used to examine the results of recent research on early literacy development. Principles for preparing a reading curriculum to develop literacy are suggested. (Author/MT)

Evaluates a system of toy classification developed to improve the assessment of gender differences in cognitive and social development. One hundred adults rated 50 children's toys on 122 "functional" dimensions. Results showed that these toys could be reliably described according to multidimensional similarities, and confirmed that toys considered…

Provides an overview of recent research on problem solving in speech communication. Discusses relevant documents under three categories: (1) conceptual developments, (2) social and affective correlates, and (3) potential teaching methods. (NKA)

The developmental pattern of concurrent synaptogenesis in rhesus monkeys is consistent with a straightforward model of relations between brain and cognitive development. Concurrent synaptogenesis is hypothesized to lay the primary cortical foundation for a series of developmental levels in middle infancy that have been empirically documented in…

Suggests children's literature that can aid in the development of various types of comprehension skills in preschool/kindergarten children. Provides annotated examples of books that emphasize the story elements of characterization, real or make-believe situations, sequencing, cause-and-effect, main ideas, and various language skills. Coded…

Investigates Michael Polanyi's theory of emergence of the framework for tacit (personal) knowing, its function in the reasoning process, and the significant role art can play in the development of personal knowledge. States that intensive study of works of art will enable students to make discriminating choices that ultimately evolve into personal…