Maintained that preschoolers' class inclusion task judgments and justification may be modeled as mixtures of different probability distributions, with different response strategies equivalent to different distributions. Found that justifications lagged behind judgments in development. Concluded that, if a single response variable is to be…

Presents a broad definition of "testlet" and suggests a framework for classifying types of testlets. Considers several issues that bear on the conceptualization of testlets and analyses of scores from tests composed of testlets. Suggests some research topics that seem particularly important to advancing the meaningful and appropriate use…

Discusses T. D. Wilson's research emphasis on situating the investigation of information behavior within the context of the everyday world of work; considers embodied cognition; and presents two approaches to the investigation of classification in context: classification as scaffolding, and classification as infrastructure. (Author/LRW)

This article addresses the characterization and circumvention of E. H. Simpson's paradox in designs involving two ordered variables and illustrates the recommended procedure using a two-sample application involving estimation of correlation and a single-subject application involving the estimation of lag(1) autocorrelation. (Author/SLD)

Argues that technical communication editing is most effective if it deals with structure first, and that structure deficiencies can be detected by applying a range of logical analysis criteria to each text part. Concludes that lists, headings, classifications, and organograms must comply with the laws of categorization and relevant logical…

Synthesizes MacLaury's vantage theory, Barsalou's frame theory, and the relation between similarity, commonality, and difference. Frame theory elaborates on the structural components of mental representations, while vantage theory elaborates on the processing by which these components are integrated. (Author/VWL)

Early in the 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee had a powerful idea--the concept of the World Wide Web. The success of this vision produced an unparalleled explosion of information, which in turn resulted in a parallel problem--how to locate the right piece of information. A 2005 study by Hanson and Carlson, published by the Educational Development Center,…

Infants respond categorically to color. However, the nature of infants' categorical responding to color is unclear. The current study investigated two issues. First, is infants' categorical responding more absolute than adults' categorical responding? That is, can infants discriminate two stimuli from the same color category? Second, is color…

Simple sorting and classification are process skills used by children to help them organize the world around them. This article presents developmental sequences to be considered by early childhood professionals as they organize a sequenced curriculum for young children in simple sorting and classifying. Information on key developmental factors…

It has been demonstrated that when people free classify stimuli presented simultaneously in an array, they have a preference to categorize by a single dimension. However, when people are encouraged to categorize items sequentially, they sort by "family resemblance," grouping by overall similarity. The present studies extended this research,…

This is the second in a two-part special issue on the nation's research agenda on violence against women (VAW). As introduced in Part 1, this special issue is not the definitive word on what the nation's research agenda should be, nor is it the final critique on the current state of research in this critical area. Rather, this special issue is an…

In this article, the author identifies 3 main purposes of conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and their different requirements on goodness-of-fit assessment. For a better understanding of fit indices, he proposes a hierarchical classification scheme based on J. S. Tanaka's (1993) multifaceted conceptions and discusses how to assess…

A feature is central to a concept to the extent that other features depend on it. Four studies tested the hypothesis that people will project a feature from a base concept to a target concept to the extent that they believe the feature is central to the two concepts. This centrality hypothesis implies that feature projection is guided by a…

Four-and-a-half-month-old infants' ("N"=100) category formation and use was studied in a series of five experiments. For each experiment, the test events featured a display composed of a cylinder and a box. Previous research showed that this display is not clearly parsed as a single unit or as two separate units by infants of this age. Immediately…

This research's purpose was to contrast the representations resulting from learning of the same categories by either classifying instances or inferring instance features. Prior inference learning research, particularly T. Yamauchi and A. B. Markman (1998), has suggested that feature inference learning fosters prototype representation, whereas…