Semantic differential statements were used to elicit attitudes toward aging from 176 high school students, college students, and older adults (nonstudents) who had viewed four sketches of a white male's appearance at ages 12, 19, 49, and 70 years. The results were the following: (1) High school students described aging as more personally…

The skilled performance of conference interpreters has aroused some interest of late, both on the part of interpreters interested in studying their own complex skills, and of psychologists interested in cognitive behavior. Recent theories in this field have concentrated on information processing aspects of the task, and on the role of anticipatory…

Three experiments examined children's ability to perceive two of the elements of textual cohesion--personal reference and conjunction. The first experiment investigated the ability of 76 eight-year-old children to process anaphora in order to distinguish those children who were becoming fluent readers from those who were not. The children were…

To express that a degree of one event is conditioned by (or paralleled by) a degree of another, the "the...the..." construction with a comparative after each "the" is used. Examples include sentences such as: (1) the more dangerous mountains are to climb, the more challenging they are; (2) the more often a man has been in…

This manual discusses recent research in the field of semantics. It was prepared as part of a series of books to be used in connection with a course of advanced study for experienced philologists and teachers. The Introduction and Part One are based mainly on the 1971-1972 course of lectures on Meaning Equivalence by Akhmanova, and discuss the…

The adequacy of the evaluation, potency, and activity (EPA) system as a scheme for the dimensions of an individual's implicit personality theory was tested using two methods. In the free-response method, each subject described himself and a number of people known to him using trait terms of his own choice; in the other method, each subject used a…

A study on sentence processing involving rehearsal, response initiation, and mental transformation required the subject to perform a secondary task concurrently with transformation of a sentence previously given. A secondary task interruption technique was used to allow inferences as to where the planning occurs by measuring increases in task time…

A study was conducted to provide an assessment of the general efficiency of working memory in relation to level of field articulation. The task required a subject to retain a series of digits for subsequent report while performing a semantic modification of a target phrase. The working memory hypothesis predicts that the joint impact of high…

This study investigated (1) the order of acquisition of related temporal and spatial terms, (2) the application of temporal and spatial terms and (3) the relationship between the application of temporal and spatial terms and performance on cognitive measures of temporal and spatial ordering. Children 3 to 5 years of age were tested on four…

The theory of the coordinated management of meaning (CMM) describes the structural relationship between a conversation as it appears in a verbatim transcript and as it appears in the meaning-system of the participants. The five essential features of CMM theory are: a set of four propositions about the nature of communication and human behavior, a…

THIS ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF HUMAN LIVING TREATS THE PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN MAKING ACCURATE STATEMENTS ABOUT PEOPLE AND THE WORLD. LANGUAGE HABITS WHICH MISREPRESENT FACTS OF LIFE ARE DISCUSSED, AS WELL AS LANGUAGE HABITS WHICH PRODUCE "CORRECT-TO-FACT" EVALUATIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS. SUBJECTS OF CHAPTERS ARE (1) THE…

IN A STUDY OF ADULTS IN A LOCAL CHURCH, THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO ASSESS ATTITUDES, MOTIVES, AND DEGREES OF BELIEF IN APPLYING THE CONCEPTS "GOD", "CHURCH," AND "MY UNDERSTANDING OF CHRISTIAN FAITH AND BELIEFS." MEANINGS ATTACHED TO THESE CONCEPTS WERE COMPARED IN THREE CATEGORIES OF ADULTS…

THIS REPORT DISCUSSES HOW NOUNS AND THEIR ADJUNCTIVES ARE USED IN MANDARIN SENTENCES IN DENOTING THE RELATION BETWEEN SETS AND THEIR SUBSETS. LANGUAGE HAS SOME MEANS OF SPECIFYING SETS OF OBJECTS, ACTIONS, OR ABSTRACT UNITS IN VARIOUS WAYS, IN ORDER TO HAVE SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION. LANGUAGE DOES NOT BEAR THE ENTIRE BURDEN OF SPECIFYING A CERTAIN…

ONE OF THE INTERNATIONAL READING ASSOCIATION'S ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES IS CONCERNED WITH THE APPLICATION OF LINGUISTICS TO READING INSTRUCTION AND WAS PREPARED TO SERVE A WIDE RANGE OF USERS. IT CONTAINS ABOUT 100 CITATIONS OF BOOKS, RESEARCH REPORTS, DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, AND ARTICLES FROM PERIODICALS, YEARBOOKS, AND CONFERENCE…

A 15-minute interview was conducted separately with 2 5th grade boys (1 Caucasian, 1 Negro) who were matched on IQ and 4 pupil characteristics; home background, personality, social behavior, and academic ability. A semantic differential scale was constructed for the 4 characteristics, and 5 disability labels were assigned to each child:…