There is an ongoing debate regarding the cause of diagnostic errors. One view is that errors result from unconscious application of cognitive heuristics; the alternative is that errors are a consequence of knowledge deficits. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of checklists that (a) identify and address cognitive biases…

According to prediction-based learning theories, erroneous predictions support learning. However, empirical evidence for a relation between prediction error and children's language learning is currently lacking. Here we investigated whether and how prediction errors influence children's learning of novel words. We hypothesized that word learning…

The aim of the study is to investigate the errors that first grade students have made in their writing of vertical numbers which have just been applied by removing cursive writing. Considering the aim of the study, vertical number writing styles of the first-grade students in primary school were analyzed. The sample of the study consists of 116…

Language-specific differences in number words influence number processing even in nonverbal numerical tasks. For instance, the unit-decade compatibility effect in two-digit number magnitude comparison (compatible number pairs [42_57: 4 < 5 and 2 < 7] are responded to faster than incompatible pairs [47_62: 4 < 6 but 7 > 2]) was shown to…

Background and Context: Current introductory instruction fails to identify, structure, and sequence the many skills involved in programming. Objective: We proposed a theory which identifies four distinct skills that novices learn incrementally. These skills are tracing, writing syntax, comprehending templates (reusable abstractions of programming…

This is a study of my dramatized narrative based on a true story of what took place in a mathematics class in an international school setting. My narrative includes the exploration of a mathematical "mistake" and the discovery of newly emergent problems. The drama, commentary, and reflections provide a close examination of the conduct…

The aim of this article is to examine what characterises feedback regarding the group of students who receive the most comments compared to the rest of the students, all failing at least one task. Could it be that teachers comment differently on the most underperforming students? The empirical material consists of feedback handed out to students…

Mental schemas provide a framework into which new information can easily be integrated. In a series of experiments, we examined how incongruence that stems from a prediction error modulates memory for multicomponent events that instantiated preexisting schemas as noted in a previous study. Each event consisted of four stimulus pairs with…

This theoretical position article presents the current state of the research on college-aged Spanish heritage language learners' (HL) spelling as well as the limitations of a descriptive approach to spelling research. The article also highlights the need to analyze and understand HLs' errors based on the underlying cognitive-linguistic processes…

This study tested the claim of input-based accounts of language acquisition that children's inflectional errors reflect competition between different forms of the same verb in memory. In order to distinguish this claim from the claim that inflectional errors reflect the use of a morphosyntactic default, we focused on the Japanese verb system,…

Purpose: Children with dyslexia have speech production deficits in a variety of spoken language contexts. In this article, we discuss the nature of speech production errors in children with dyslexia, including those who have a history of speech sound disorder and those who do not, to familiarize speech-language pathologists with speech…

International surveys, such as TIMSS and PISA, frequently put Indonesia in the low ranks. It is an indication that the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of students in Indonesia are still low. This research aims to analyze students' difficulties in solving problems that measure HOTS. This is a case study research with a qualitative approach.…

The article aims to determine the academic performance and errors in the resolution of types of problems of application of the quadratic function, of high school students from the Los Lagos Region and Los Rios Region in Chile. The approach is qualitative and descriptive with case studies. A math test with open response problems and an opinion…

This study scrutinizes the range and types of feedback given for word choice errors occurring in the English Taiwan Learner Corpus (ETLC), which contains Taiwanese high school students' English writings and the corrective feedback provided by L2 writing teachers. All instances of word choice error tags (n = 1,439) were extracted from the ETLC for…

Online educational technologies offer opportunities for providing individualized feedback and detailed profiles of students' skills. Yet many technologies for mathematics education assess students based only on the correctness of either their final answers or responses to individual steps. In contrast, examining the choices students make for how…