Comments on the blending by Dean, in her article in this issue, of Loewald's instinctual-affective component with the developmental models of Piaget and Vygotsky, with internalization as the pivotal concept. Suggests that Dean's synthesis mirrors development itself, as it first differentiates and then integrates the work of the three theorists.…

Examined the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and children's intellectual functioning through age four. Found that children whose mothers smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy had Stanford-Binet scores 4 points lower than those whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. (HTH)

Despite widespread consensus that children's social, ethical, and intellectual development are equally important, many school-improvement efforts still fail to grapple with all three facets. This article describes how an award-driven science fair was redesigned to challenge and motivate students, encourage cooperation and problem solving, and…

The African is confronted with a number of challenges to intellectual development: colonial nonrecognition of other cultures; establishment of a non-Western self in the context of Western ideas and schooling; Eurocentrism; explosion of knowledge; and personal commitment in the face of societal expectations. Accomplishments of several African…

It is becoming increasingly apparent that African Americans' role in the technological society of the future depends on the ability to secure the best possible education for African-American students. The college degree is in itself inadequate; quality programs of higher education with emphasis on mathematics and science must be the goal.…

Introduces the confluence model as a theory specifying the process by which the intellectual environment modifies intellectual development. Using this model, explores the contradiction between prediction of secular trends in test scores by trends in aggregate birth order and the lack of prediction of individual test scores by birth order using…

Assesses the etiology of the covariation between mathematics performance and general cognitive ability in data from a sample of 555 twins selected for learning deficits and from a sample of 570 control twins pairs. Results show that the phenotypic relationship between mathematics and general cognitive ability is due primarily to genetic…

Examined the origins of high general cognitive ability (g) in twins who were participating in the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study. Formed high g groups from the 19th percentile and above at each age. Results suggested increasing genetic influence and increasing genetic stability from 14 to 36 months and substantial genetic influences with…

The intellectual dimension of school reform has been given the least attention thus far. It is falsely assumed uncritically that teachers are prepared to deal with this dimension. Institutional and teachers' personal mission statements should emphasize critical thinking, inquiry-based learning, and intellectual leadership. (SK)

Extends prior theory and research by postulating the existence of an intermediate class of concepts called 'hypothetical'. Investigates the hypothesis that three kinds of scientific concepts exist by constructing and administering a test on concepts introduced in a college biology course. Supports the hypothesis that intellectual development…

A 40-year longitudinal study of creativity that began in 1958 in two schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota, found that girls identified as highly creative in elementary school have been fulfilling that potential as adults to a significantly higher degree those who were less creative. Sex role expectations are discussed. (Contains references.) (CR)

Examined the effectiveness of 4-year women-only and coeducational colleges in cultivating women students' intellectual development. Found no significant differences relative to critical thinking ability and analytical and problem-solving skills, but women-only colleges appeared to have a greater positive impact on development of intellectual…

Describes the work of Maria Montessori, starting with her career in medicine which gave her the unique perspective to probing the frontiers of the inner intellectual life of children. Explains how she felt every student possessed untapped potentials. Discusses how her concept of the potential of the absorbent mind of children is being…

Starting from the observation that patterns of educational inequality are widely known but largely invisible in public debates on education, this article argues for the importance of an ethics of education which challenges simple acceptance of "things as they are". It suggests possibilities for working with discourses of ethics, rights and…

We examine whether children with early unilateral brain injury show an IQ decline over the course of development. Fifteen brain injured children were administered an IQ test once before age 7 and again several years later. Post-7 IQ scores were significantly lower than pre-7 IQ scores. In addition, pre-7 IQ scores were lower for children with…