Marzano's Taxonomy--the most current and comprehensive guide in 50 years to define the new standard for education--is a resource for all directors of curriculum and instruction, directors of staff development, principals, and teachers. Developed by Robert Marzano and John S. Kendall, internationally recognized experts in the development and…

Statistical procedures for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) are often used to screen items for construct irrelevant variance. Standard DIF detection procedures focus on only one categorical variables at an aggregated group or one-way level, like gender or ethnicity/race. Building on previous work by P. Hu and N. Dorans (1998), N.…

This statement describes the basis for the American Sociological Association's (ASA) position regarding scientific research on race, illustrating the importance of such data to further scientific investigation and inform public policy. Race is a complex, sensitive, and controversial topic in scientific discourse and public policy. The controversy…

This report contains the typology of charter schools that were sought, based on Carpenter's careful sorting of 1,182 charter schools, representing 87 percent of all those operating in 2001-2002 in the five states (Arizona, California, Florida, Michigan, and Texas) that then accounted for the lion's share of U.S. charter schools. Carpenter sorted…

The paper analyses qualitative data on the topic of "international graduate student life," and especially on the cultural and academic adaptation processes that graduates go through in a new environment. The paper describes and discusses the process of the work on the data. It deals with the theories and hypotheses that were generated during the…

In this article, which is part of an ongoing research, a classification is proposed for ratio comparison problems, according to their context, their quantity type, and their numerical structure. Deriving from this classification, an interview protocol was designed, and guidelines for the interpretation of answers into strategies were decided. A…

Three years of assessment data have been collected since The No Child Left Behind Act took effect. The purpose of this paper was to determine what effect adequate yearly progress (AYP) requirements have had on student achievement as measured by achievement level categorization across years. In measuring how well students are achieving in the wake…

A taxonomy of metadiscourse--defined as discourse that people use not to expand referential material but to help their readers connect, organize, interpret, evaluate, and develop attitudes toward that material--was proposed in "College Composition and Communication" (Vande Kopple, 1985). More surveying and classifying has been done since…

Classical research operations in the cognitive sciences concern categorizations as well as classifications, and have been strongly influenced by nomological approaches. As a consequence, information processing has been explained with reference to syntactic-semantic models. Because of an absence of structural implications, personal interpretations…

This report provides empirical results of attempts to achieve consistency of estimates between two National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) surveys. These surveys are the 1991- 92 Private School Survey (PSS) and the Private School Component of the 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS). Consistency was sought in the numbers of schools,…

This paper considers the role philosophy plays in model construction, focusing on the re-visioning of the classroom, an emerging philosophy influencing the perception of instructional development (ID) models. The constructs of paradigm, model, theory, philosophy, and phenomenology are presented as a way of reflecting on the philosophical origins…

The short-term (45-day) stability of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (P. McDermott, N. Marston, and D. Stott, 1993) was studied with 51 first and fifth graders, seven of whom were classified as "exceptional/disabled." Significant test-retest reliability coefficients were obtained, and mean differences from test to…

While there are many ways to differentiate among community colleges (size, control, student characteristics, etc.), there have been few attempts to categorize them. The Carnegie Foundation's classification system, published first in 1971 and since revised several times, categorizes research universities, comprehensive institutions, liberal arts…

This book provides a practice guide for students and mental health professionals who provide psychotherapy. It begins by looking at who the patients are and discussing why they come for therapy. A classification system divides all patients into one of four large groups: (1) normal-neurotic; (2) narcissistic; (3) borderline; and (4) psychotic. This…

This book suggests creative, classroom-tested mathematics activities to teach number recognition and counting, number formation, sorting and classification, measuring (including time and date), shapes, graphing, estimating, ordinal positions, money, patterning, tallying, and fractions. Activities are presented in the forms of games, crafts, songs,…