A "System for coding Integration and Differentiation messages" in group communication (SID) was developed, based on the theoretical and empirical work of W. C. Schutz, W. Bennis and H. Shepard, and A. Koestler. In SID, integrating messages are defined as those dealing with material internal to the group and having positive affect, or…

A sociolinguistic analysis of texts is advocated for expanding an oral interpreter's creation of an event from written texts. Two studies are reviewed that suggest that language choices are related to the speaker's purpose, thought processes, role, cultural expectations, and sex. The specific area of study suggested as highly useful for…

This paper deals with the way in which human beings use time, the conceptualization of which is a significant part of the interaction of all human beings and the study of which is particularly significant in the analysis of intercultural communication. The cultural values of the division of time into seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months,…

Describes three issues involved in communication research and consulting for multinational companies, particularly those in Germany: qualifications for doing international consulting and research, problems of American scholar-researchers in those firms, and suggestions for dealing with those issues. (JMF)

Argues that all rhetoric has an ethical dimension and analyzes legal arguments using criteria for "universal" argumentation from C. Perelman. Suggests: (1) practical success can result from universal argumentation; (2) specificity of the law, precedent, and legal status of conflicting values affect preferences for arguments; and (3)…

Indicates through regression analyses that (1) the Ziller, Martell, and Morrison self-differentiation measure and (2) Crockett's Role Category Questionnaire are significantly related and significant predictors of the criterion variables. Found Bieri et al.'s measure to be virtually unrelated to any of the study variables. (JD)

Examines the impact of direction and occupation on the importance of communication skills for entry-level positions in finance, management, engineering, and law. Results substantiate a three-dimensional model (based on direction, occupation, and position) for the examination and application of communication skill importance in organization. (JD)

Identifies salient features that distinguish between criticisms perceived by their recipients as "good" from those perceived as "bad." Considers five primary areas for criticism: appearance, skill performance, relationships, general personhood, and decision making, as well as stylistic characteristics of criticism. (NKA)

Assesses, through a survey, whether instruction in research methods has filtered down to the undergraduate level. Finds that the introductory communication research methods course on the undergraduate level appears to be growing rapidly, and that there is general agreement about purpose, content, problems, and plans for it. (MS)

Examines the relationship between communication apprehension (CA) and academic achievement (AA) among elementary and middle school students. Finds that these two variables are meaningfully related among elementary and middle school students, but that students low and moderate in CA were not significantly different in their levels of AA. (MS)

Examines how people edit arguments prior to speaking, and what editorial criteria (effectiveness, principled objection to argument type, person-centered issues, and discourse competence) different types of people prefer. Notes that argumentativeness, verbal aggression, interpersonal orientation, and respondent gender are associated with use of…

Reports that conversationally sensitive people make high-level inferences when listening to conversations, emphasize conversation characteristics in remembering interactions, and make more self-references about conversations than less sensitive individuals. Finds conversational sensitivity positively related to self-monitoring, private…

Describes the emergence of media evangelists in times of situational crisis. Discusses the appeal such leaders have to listeners possessing a "crisis mentality." Offers a model to explain the communication influence process associated with these charismatic speakers. (SR)

Examines the covariational relationships believed to exist between behaviors and traits, relationships which play a particularly crucial role in both impression formation and competence evaluation. Concludes that trait-behavior relationships are, with one exception, similar across competence level and communicative situation. (RS)

Examines the effects of two variables on persons' degree of attitude-behavioral intention congruency: (1) their perceptions of the attitude object's prototypicality; and (2) their level of attitudinal confidence. Results indicate that attitude-behavioral intention congruency was limited to participants with high attitudinal confidence. (RS)