A study investigated effects of variations in the number of instances comprising a category on concept acquisition by 31 children (ages 9-14) with mild intellectual disability and 19 controls. Intellectual disability had little effect on ability to abstract a category prototype but did reduce use of exemplar-specific information for recognition.…

Examined representation of pictorial exemplars of humans by 3- and 4-month olds. Results demonstrated an asymmetry regarding the exclusivity of categorical representations formed for humans and non-human animals. Categorical representations for humans included exemplar information, whereas categorical representation for non-human animals was based…

Two studies investigated whether language-specific patterns encoding manner and direction of motion in English and Greek affect adult and child speakers' performance on nonlinguistic motion tasks and linguistic descriptions of these motion events. Although the two linguistic groups differed in linguistic preferences, nonlinguistic task performance…

Describes how K-8 students wrote and illustrated a field guide at Bay View School. Presents some examples from the "Bay View Nature Trail Guide Book" and includes suggestions for teachers on how to proceed in drawing illustrations and writing entries for different grade levels. (YDS)

Interviewed students taking creative writing courses at three institutions of higher education in the United Kingdom. Analysis revealed a typology of four differing student conceptions of creative writing within two overall "transcribing" and "composing" categories; these categories closely resemble students' conceptions of…

Describes how teachers can define and create a taxonomy for the instructional media available to them in their classroom. Explains how creating such a taxonomy not only helps teachers see the possibilities of available instructional media, but can be useful in gaining the support of administrators for requests for supplies and training. Describes…

This article discusses the causes of tinnitus, sound or noise in the ears or head without any external stimulation. Classification of tinnitus, the essentials of medical evaluation of a patient with tinnitus, essential test procedures, and current concepts in the management of tinnitus are addressed. (CR)

Presents a classification of the three types of distances involved in education, as identified by David Kennedy, one of the participants of the online discussion, "Transactional Distance Theory," hosted by the International Forum of Educational Technology and Society. For each type--geographical distance, psychological distance, and social…

Determined the robustness of several types of scoring (number-right; one-, two-, and three-parameter item response; finite-state, and partial-credit) with respect to the violation of the equally classifiable options and option independence made in finite-state scoring using analysis of test responses of 1,232 high school seniors. (SLD)

This review summarizes subject selection and diagnostic procedures documented in 142 empirical articles published between 1993 and 1997. Although most researchers reported use of standard diagnostic criteria in classifying subjects, numerous studies did not report diagnostic methods and there was often a lack of specification of inclusion and…

This article explores the current trend to dismiss general intelligence in favor of multiple intelligences in identifying gifted students. Advantages of the IQ test in identifying exceptionally gifted students who have unique educational and socio-emotional needs and the curricular implications of the general intelligence focus are discussed.…

Asked 19 Finnish children, aged 6 and 7, on three occasions in a school year, to group their classmates according to ability. Results suggest that the impact of school and its differential concept of ability changes children's perceptions, lessening social reasons for appraisal and increasing the use of performance-based criteria. (SLD)

Investigated 4-, 8-, and 11-year-olds' ability to categorize intentionally false and true statements as lies and truths. Found that older children were more likely to categorize false statements as lies and true statements as truths than were 4-year-olds. Antisocial lies were rated as most serious, and "white lies" as least serious.…

This article discusses the inclusion of high functioning individuals in the learning disability category. It argues that extending services to individuals without significant academic impairments may deplete resources for others in greater need, distort the normal processes by which individuals select careers, and diminish the credibility of the…

Surveys some of the basic concepts that have been used in computer science for the representation of knowledge and summarizes some of their advantages and drawbacks. Relates these techniques to information sciences theory and practice. Concepts are classified in four broad ontological categories: static ontology, dynamic ontology, intentional…