Presented is a group of writings concerned with education and the process of learning. These essays document the evolution in the thinking of one of America's most important educational philosophers. Many of the essays use science and mathematics as the starting point for an approach to the process of learning. One of the writings provides a…

This paper (1) discusses the SQ3R formula for reading: survey, question, read, recite, and review; and (2) proposes a similar formula for remedial composition; R3SW, which means, read, search, select, study, and write. An example of this formula is given, using imperative sentences as the understood subject. In using the composition formula during…

The purpose of the present study was to determine if a developmental sequence could be established for the appearance of conservation. A series of four dimensional tasks and a conservation task were administered to 25 kindergarten girls and 25 kindergarten boys. The dimensional tasks tested understanding of comparative and superlative terms along…

The purpose of the two experiments was to assess the effects of two levels of stimulus redundancy and three levels of irrelevant visual stimulation on performance in a successive discrimination task and a reproduction task. The results indicate that increases in redundancy facilitated performance in the reproduction task but had no appreciable…

Children's language acquisition is viewed by developmental psycholinguists as a process of change in the organization of language processing operations. Normal children seem to acquire their native language by this process, rather than by eliminating specific mistakes. Preschool language develops in stages, and knowledge of where syntactic change…

This study had as its purpose the investigation of visual-verbal presentation modes when used for instruction in different types of learning tasks with learners of differing mental abilities. Five parallel experiments were conducted, each for a different learning objective or task (identification, comparison, classification, generalization,…

The Learning Research and Development Center, an institute composed of faculty from the University of Pittsburgh, has as its general purpose the scientific study of the problems of learning and instruction. Particular attention is given to the nature of the educational and psychological environment required to maximize the potential of the…

Fifty-four 5-year-old Head Start children participated in a study of the effect of varied versus repeated training on the development of the ability to categorize and transfer learning. The children were grouped according to chronological age and results of a mastery test and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Work categories translated into…

In this paper the author hopes to "persuade methodologists and foreign language teachers to attack the problem of foreign language acquisition" from what he considers to be a "more strategic angle." He is concerned with how language proficiency, rather than the individual skills, can be taught. The author doubts whether it is…

A study was devised to determine the validity and effectiveness of applying automation comcpets to rhythm instruction in music. Students from two semesters of a music class for the classroom teacher were divided randomly into experimental and control groups with 21 in the former and 29 in the latter. The experimental group read music from a…

The relation of arousal to retention in free learning was studied in a 3 x 2 design employing 48 undergraduates as Ss, three list conditions (high arousal, low arousal, mixed list) and two retention intervals (immediate and 3 days). Arousal value of the words was based on earlier studies. Contrary to previous paired-associate studies, no…

In three experiments employing 60 Ss, arousal was manipulated by white noise during paired-associate, serial, and free learning in an effort to investigate the relationships of arousal and long-term recall. Previous research suggested that high arousal in the paired-associate paradigm leads to better retention relative to low arousal. The present…

A promising area in educational research is the application of techniques of literary criticism to curriculum theory. Kenneth Burke's dramatistic system clarifies the five sources of motives in the drama--purpose, agency, scene, agent, and act. This pentad creates a possibly fruitful model that highlights the drama of the classroom. Contrasting…

Early childhood learning of language has led some to postulate innate knowledge of an abstract symbolic linguistic system. However, if the child's abstract understanding initially requires concrete support in the form of agreement of the message with his nonlinguistic experience, the indication would be that the development of syntactic…

Very little cognitive development research has been done among African children, and most of the completed studies have relied on "translated" versions of Western test materials that are inappropriate to the African milieu. This paucity of research has had two affects: (1) rural African children have been represented as somewhat less…