A sentence demonstration task was used to examine the information processing skills of 14 normal and 14 learning disabled college students. The effects of sentence meaningfulness (meaningful vs. nonsense), sentence length (two vs. four vs. six vs. eight items), and presentation mode (words vs. logographs) were evaluated. A Population Membership by…

A psychological model can show the technical writer how to present information for effective communication by explaining how readers perceive, understand, learn, and remember. The principles underlying the model are the reader's psychological set, the mind's pattern-forming tendencies, the span of short-term memory, and the mind's need for…

In this research on motor short-term memory it was hypothesized that subjects making free-selected movements would evidence superior reproduction accuracy over subjects making preselected movements, whose reproduction performance would be superior to subjects making constrained movements. Subjects making free-selected movements were allowed to…

Mildly mentally retarded (N=27) and nonretarded teenagers' long-term recognition for faces was compared. Retarded subjects performed at a lower overall level than nonretarded subjects with significant losses after 1 day and 1 week but no further losses at 6-month followup. Results suggested longterm memory may be unrelated to intelligence level.…

Eleven boys at a summer camp were asked to recall the mode, duration, and intensity of their physical activity during the preceding seven days. When compared with their counselor's records, the boys were accurate enough to make seven-day recall applicable as a summary tool of children's total energy expenditure. (Author/MT)

Compared 24 children with Attentional Deficit Disorder to a control group of 17 children with emotional problems (controls) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and an adaptation of the Coding subtest to measure short-term visual memory. Results showed superiority of the control group on the short-term visual memory task.…

The present study is an attempt to determine whether the build-up and release of PI (Proactive Inhibition) previously reported for verbal STM (Short-Term Memory) can be obtained when visual STM is involved. (Author/RK)

Empirical evidence is reviewed to show that two concepts--attention and intelligence--are related at the empirical level. Data are presented to demonstrate that intelligence correlates with different types of attention, including sustained attention, search, attention switching, and vigilance. (Author/PN)

A review of all available experimental data indicates that the task-evoked pupillary response, a physiological measure of processing "mental effort," accurately reflects within-task, between-task and between-individual variations in processing demands. (Author/RH)

Describes a study of gist recall in language impaired children. Stories were read to groups of normal and language impaired children and oral recall was requested immediately. The groups differed primarily in the amount of accurate recall. It seems that language impaired children are deficient in recall for material within their linguistic grasp.…

None of the LD groups performed worse on this retention task than the normal controls. Furthermore, the older LD Ss in the high verbal, low performance group actually retained somewhat more material than the normal control group. (Author/DLS)

A significant two-way input modality by output modality interaction suggested that short term memory capacity among the groups differed as a function of the modality used to present the items in combination with the output response required. (Author/CL)

Two experiments examined the influence of a delay between learning and reproducing locations on 7-, 9- and 11-year-old children's memory for location. Findings indicated that bias toward category centers when replacing objects in their original locations increased following an intervening delay, as predicted by the Category-Adjustment model, with…

Second-, third-, and fourth-graders received five sort-recall trials for word lists. Results indicated that multiple strategy use increased with age; fourth graders who used more strategies had higher recall than those who used fewer; children at all ages showed substantial inter-trial variability in using multiple strategies; and the use of few…

Examined learning problems in South African sample of 7- to 14-year-olds whose mothers reported excessively high infant bilirubin shortly after the child's birth. Found that this sample had lowered verbal ability with the majority also showing impaired short-term and long-term memory. Findings suggested that impaired formation of astrocytes…