Results of a study involving 13 color-deficient and 15 color-normal pupils in grades three through six, show no evidence of relationship between color vision and achievement. Supports findings of previous studies by Lorenz and McClure (1935), and Shearron (1965). (CJ)

Compares the performance of preschool and kindergarten children who were presented with 18 paired associates to learn under three conditions: control, mnemonic test-time instructions, and mnemonic plus retrieval instructions. Results are consistent with the claim that younger children need more explicit prompts. (RH)

In a study of second graders, results supported the hypothesis that recognition memory would be disrupted when children's attention control strategy required the same cognitive operations as the task material to be studied. (Author/MP)

Three experiments examined whether the phenomena of visual search for single characters (Sternberg, 1966) generalizes to word and word-category search when target and distractor sets had varied and consistent mappings across trials. Previous results were replicated. Four principles of search are discussed within a theory of automatic/control…

Visual screening, a mildly aversive response suppression procedure in which the child's eyes are briefly covered, was evaluated across two studies for its effectiveness in reducing topographically similar and dissimilar stereotypic behaviors of four moderately or profoundly retarded children (aged 9 or 13 years). (Author)

In two experiments, children ages six through eight, 10-year-old children, and college students were shown several series of slides. Each series told a unique "story" and was followed by oral questions. Results illustrated the increasing interdependence of the verbal and visual systems with age. (Author/MP)

Based upon a sample of 1,428 randomly selected adults, this study provided evidence regarding the appropriateness of the Thematic Apperception Test in assessing interpersonal processes and examined whether the individual concerns expressed by respondents reflect their covert needs or their behavioral inclinations. (Author/PN)

Children's abilities to judge "who is older" without using size as a cue were studied. Five-year-olds were better able to discriminate age than four-year-olds but were not equal to adults. No significant sex differences were found. (Author/RD)

Normal and retarded adolescents recalled consonants after 0, 9, and 27 seconds of tonal detection and performed the detection task without recall. Subjects were classified as rehearsers or nonrehearsers, depending upon variations in tonal detection accuracy or response times across conditions. Normal and retarded nonrehearsers showed equal…

A model of context effects in perception is applied to perception of letters. Perception results from excitatory and inhibitory interactions of detectors for visual features, letters, and words. The model produces facilitation for letters in pronounceable pseudowords as well as words and accounts for rule-governed performance without any rules.…

The hypothesis that overall-similarity relations structure both adults' and children's classifications of heterogeneous objects (objects that differ in a variety of ways) was supported in two experiments. When objects varied simultaneously on many dimensions, adults and children constructed classifications that maximized within-category similarity…

The effects of visual prompting, aural prompting, and visual/aural prompting on the representation of words or phrases received aurally were investigated. Results indicated that prereading children responded differently to phrases received in normal language versus the other cued conditions. (Author/GK)

Studied male students who viewed an aggressive television program or a neutral one. Half of the students were then angered by a confederate. Results indicated angered men who had seen the aggressive film were most aggressive and exhibited the lowest average pulse rates both before and after shock delivery. (Author/JAC)

Human and geometric forms were presented to 12-month-old male infants to determine if infants with a large number of minor physical anomalies would show different habituation than infants with a small number. Differences were found in dishabituation and in response decrement. (Author/RH)

Describes three experiments designed to determine whether grapheme-to-phoneme rules are automatically applied when a word pattern is encoded. Concludes that grapheme-to-phoneme translation is a natural response to written words, at least when naming is required, and that mediation by visual mechanisms can be ruled out. (Author/MES)