Two experiments examined how different frustration contexts affect the instrumental and emotional responses of 4- to 5-month-olds. Both experiments showed that arm responses increased when the contingent stimulus was lost or reduced but decreased when control of the stimulus was lost under noncontingency. Facial expressions of anger, but not…

Introduces alternative approach to a controversial issue in Czech linguistics--the semantics of verbs of the type "rikavat,""delavat," and so on. The article demonstrates that these verbs can be called habitual verbs in the Peircean sense of the term "habit," and the key to the semantics of these verbs is recognizing…

A narrative approach to moral development sees a role for language in moral experience and regards the self as dialogic, or relational, as opposed to the epistemic self of the cognitive-developmental approach. This article reviews empirical foundations of the narrative approach, explores the dialogic conception of the self, and considers…

The relative magnitude of teacher effects on student achievement was examined considering effects of classroom heterogeneity, student achievement level, and class size on academic growth in the context of the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System. Results show teacher effects to be dominant factors affecting student gain. (SLD)

Examined children's, adolescents', and college students' judgments of children's and adults' rights to freedom of speech and religion in societal, school, and family contexts. Found that endorsements of these freedoms were increasingly affected by social context and agent with age. College students were less likely than others to affirm children's…

Explores how the discourse context of metaphorical language supports children's understanding of sociocultural norms. Classroom data are examined to determine how language, situation, and interaction assist in the interpretation of metaphorically used language. (46 references) (Author/CK)

Considers the relevance of the points raised in the preceding articles in this issue to the sociolinguistic development of children with speech and language impairments. Notes that such children often have low self-esteem and that their inability to negotiate an identity for themselves through discussion with their peers may contribute to this…

Gail Kelly's work on colonial education in Indochina and French West Africa focused on the importance of studying schooling in its social context, called for the integrative study of schooling processes as a more productive approach than traditional input-output models, and examined the relationship between education and social change in colonial…

Discusses the challenges faced by English-as-a-Foreign-Language teachers in the Arabian Gulf. Seeks to identify structural and contextual issues that have contributed to the present state of language education there. Focuses on four central contributing aspects; contextual framework, human resource development, systems and standards, and research…

Investigated whether manipulating the motivational climate of physical education lessons would influence third graders' goal orientations, exploring the influence of climate on goal orientations by gender. Students were randomized to one of two interventions (where they were taught identical content within task- or ego-involving climates) or a…

Studied factors that influence academic success among 84 high-achieving African American students exposed to many stressful life events often associated with life in urban neighborhoods. Results show that adolescent-perceived hassles were indications of parental monitoring, and parental monitoring was positively related to self-esteem. Discusses…

Describes a study that evaluated the impact and use of laptop computers when they were required for graduate information and library science (ILS) students at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Topics include results of online and email surveys; student perspectives; previous computer experience; computer skills; and institutional…

Studied variability in mother-child attachment security among high-risk families living in poverty. Maternal sensitivity and the presence of appropriate play materials were assessed. Findings indicated that maternal, child, and contextual variables were significantly associated with attachment security. Furthermore, greater cumulative assets were…

Examined peer group contextual effects of aggressive behavior among middle school students. Found substantial within-group similarity on self-reported bullying and fighting, suggesting that students affiliate with individuals who bully and fight at the same frequency as they. Peer group bullying and fighting were associated with individual-level…

Based on fieldwork with first-graders in two racially mixed U.S. elementary schools, this article draws from Black feminist theory to examine intersections between gender and racialized ethnicity, especially in the experiences of African American girls. Findings suggest that racial positioning and gender of the African American girls held…