This essay contrasts two approaches to household bilingual education with respect to the notion of identity. The notion of lingualism is presented. Lingualism emphasizes the continuum between monolinguals and bilinguals through a nonquantifying understanding of language (including speech, writing, gestures, and language potential). Kouritzin's…

The majority of the languages spoken in Papua New Guinea are highly diverse, belong to many unrelated groups, and are spoken by small language communities. This situation has resulted in widespread multilingualism and the emergence of "lingue franche," including the police-type, such as Hiri Motu. Hiri Motu, adopted as a symbol by the…

An oral language assessment test not only can determine the relative proficiency of a child in one or more languages and his or her language preference, but also can provide diagnostic information as to the child's strengths and weaknesses in each language. This information can serve as a guide to curriculum development and to prescriptive…

The languages of Nigeria and language usage in that country are discussed in a study designed to illustrate the need for a Nigerian lingua franca. Extensive data are first presented on Nigerian languages and dialects, their classification, and their geographic distribution. The remainder of the survey is devoted to a sociolinguistic study of…

By studying the job offers in a Belgian newspaper, an attempt is made to determine what the language needs in business are. Offers which explicitly require language skills were collected from a French-language newspaper between November of 1971 and June of 1972, and codified according to the languages mentioned and the combinations thereof, the…

This volume is a selection of papers prepared for a conference on sociolinguistically oriented language surveys organized by the Center for Applied Linguistics and held in New York in September 1971. The purpose of the conference was to review the role and function of such language surveys in the light of surveys conducted in recent years. The…

The stress of this symposium was on the role of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) and other indexing languages, especially in multilingual and multidisciplinary information systems, rather than on its potential uses in mechanized retrieval systems. The consensus of the Symposium was: (1) that a system like the UDC cannot, without major…

The Center for Urban Educational Studies is engaged in various primary school language projects, notably Second Language in the Primary School Project (SLIPP) and Reading Through Understanding (RTU). Discusses how these have affected language instruction in the multi-ethnic classroom. (Author/RK)

An explanatory model of the relationship between mother tongue retention, population ratio, and intermarriage is presented. In general, data collected on mother tongue retention in Singapore, a multilingual and multiethnic society, support the proposed model. (DS)

Describes the characteristics of language conflict and examines the areas of emphasis in the literature, including multilingualism and linguistic identity, glottophagia and minority/majority relations, the danger of reliance on language censuses, conflict resolution/avoidance, and the importance of ecolinguistics in conflict description and for…

Describes how the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. State Department has used the Xerox STAR Multilingual computer/word processing system to produce innovative language study materials for 40 different languages in a timely and cost-effective manner. (SED)

Emphasizes the place of language arts in a bilingual education system in Nigeria, which combines English with up to 394 native languages, but notes that policy implementation varies in each state. (HOD)

This annotated bibliography presents studies that address the interplay of power and ideology in language policy. The studies assert that all the conflicts and oppositions between groups, disguised as either language, ethnic, or social movements, have the same basic aim: the quest for power and inclusiveness in the mechanisms of the state. The…

This paper argues for the use of indigenous languages as languages of teaching and learning, focusing on Zimbabwe. It describes the language situation in Zimbabwe, which has three national languages (all of which enjoy some prominence under the current Education Act) and fourteen minority indigenous languages. English plays a central role in…

This paper outlines the notion of (non)nativeness, central to foreign language (FL) education, in terms of an overarching ideology of standardization. It focuses on French and Spanish, because they are the two most commonly taught languages in North American FL classrooms and they have been seen to represent two seemingly diverse attitudes toward…