Investigated the effectiveness of coping strategies in undergraduate females reporting fear of flying. Self-reports of anxiety were obtained before takeoff, during flight, and after landing. Under serious threat with the cockpit door open, self-talk and combined subjects coped better. With the door closed, all groups increased in anxiety.…

A review of the literature and research studies supports the psycholinguistic position regarding the acquisition of reading skills in that a positive correlation exists between the act of reading to children and their eventual reading achievements. (JN)

Examines language effects in class-inclusion performance with 224 children ages 3 through 12 by comparing the standard Piagetian question with two alternate question forms. Overall, the findings were inconsistent with the Piagetian assertion that logical inability produces errors in comparing subclasses; inclusion performance was a function of…

The structural features of sensorimotor intelligence were assessed among three groups of retarded infants and toddlers. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed on two measures of relationship (stage congruence and intercorrelations). The potential utility of HCA for studying Piaget's "structure d'ensemble" stage criteria is…

Demonstrates the application of cognitive-developmental theory to career education. Presents a model of cognitive development and explores its implications for concepts relevant to career education. Discusses self-evaluation, values and choices, expectations and stereotypes, responsibilities, job choice, and reaction to change. (CT)

All of the children were presented conservation of liquid and weight problems and 12 metaphor items. The results suggest that hearing loss did not affect the solution of either conservation or metaphor. (Author)

Second graders, sixth graders, and college students served in two experiments designed to assess (1) the selection and use of landmarks during route learning and (2) the coordination of successive environmental experiences into an overall configuration. (Author/RH)

Describes the development and nature of learning kits used in the infant/toddler program of Tribal American Children Center Schools. A rationale and a guide for using the learning kits are offered. (Author/RH)

First-, fifth-, and eighth-grade children were asked to make bearing and distance estimates to six targets from three sighting locations in their school. Among the results, correlations between estimated and actual bearings and distances were extremely high at all grade levels. Bearing accuracy increased between first and fifth grades. (Author/RH)

A pre- to post-test design was used to evaluate the effects of rule-based instruction on rule observance, copying performance, and discrimination skill. Three ways of imparting rules (demonstration, verbal description, and combined demonstration-verbal description) were examined, and their usefulness was compared to that of copying without…

Children's performances in pointing a telescope at landmarks surrounding their own neighborhood were assessed for 60 children in three age groups: first and second graders, fourth and fifth graders, and seventh and eighth graders. Among the results, sex differences both in point consistency and in the accuracy of pointings from imagined reference…

Reports an attempt to test two interpretations of immanent justice responses as causal attributions rather than as moral judgments. Finds older children use causal chains to explain contiguity between misdeed and adversity. Data were interpreted as consistent with an information-processing model of immanent justice responses. (RMH)

Reports on a study conducted to investigate Kohlberg's allegation that his test discerns between form and content in moral development. Indicates that the aspect of form which he measures is probably general intellectual development that rePresents norms that the school intentionally transmits to pupils. (JD)

A review is presented of major theories on the characteristics of adult cognition. The roles of social and cultural backgrounds, education, mental ability, and experience as they pertain to cognition are discussed. (JD)

The cognition theories of Piaget as they apply to adults are examined in the light of new theories about the characteristics of formal reasoning abilities and their acquisition over a long life span. (JD)