Examines three distinct approaches to developing competency models: the modified task analysis approach, the critical trait approach, and the situational approach. Figures illustrate each model. (CT)

Six formerly institutionalized severely handicapped adults living in a nursing home were taught a cooperative leisure skill. All six participants acquired the leisure skill. Informal followup observations indicated that participants continued to self initiate, sustain, and terminate the leisure activity as much as 2 weeks beyond the program's…

The author presents a task analysis model for interpreting diagnostic test performance and for planning a remedial program for learning disabled students. A survey of evaluation instruments is given for eight skill areas, including oral expression, listening comprehension, and basic reading skills. A case study illustrates the approach. (CL)

Evaluates the current state of research on motivation of behavior as a response to proffered rewards. Most research has evaluated behavior in academic classrooms or laboratory problem-solving groups and has focused on a choice between (1) cooperation where everyone receives a similar reward when a performance standard has been met, and (2)…

Discusses the contributions of cognitive theory to continued progress in the field of instructional design, and, correspondingly, what designers can do in the coming decade to facilitate the growth and development of the understanding of human cognition. Forty references are appended. (Author/LLS)

Four-man groups participated in a model-building task as a group. Medium Machs were rated as leaders significantly more than High or Low Machs. Low Structure increased emergent leadership across Machiavellianism level, while High Structure increased group members' satisfaction. (Author)

Presents a single integrated set of procedures for both analysis and design of instruction according to the Elaboration Theory. (JEG)

A Finnish nursing home's team development process included brainstorming on the characteristics of good teams, profiling of team members' nursing skills, analysis of tasks, and identification of ways to improve work quality and information flow to residents. Team building required clarification of work structures, determination of the…

Offers new insights into learning and teaching critical numeracy. Makes distinctions between generative or computational numeracy tasks and interpretive numeracy tasks, and between mathematically confined interpretation and critical evaluation that leads to action. (Author/VWL)

Reports results of an acquisition experiment with a group of Spanish-speaking children regarding their knowledge of a semantic restriction that prevents a referring expression from coreferring with a pronoun in certain syntactic configurations if its referent lacks consciousness. Sixteen children participated in a modified Truth-Value Judgment…

Eight map task dialogs representative of general Australian English were coded for speaker turn and for dialog acts using a version of SWBD-DAMSL, a dialog act annotation scheme. High, low, simple, and complex rising tunes, and any corresponding dialog act codes were then compared. The Australian statement high rise (usually realized as a L…

Reports an investigation into the use of subordinate clauses in the writing of a class of 7- to 9-year old children when attempting five different writing tasks. Different patterns of subordination are discussed, between tasks and pupils, and in relation to variation in the writing of individual children when tackling the different tasks.…

Examines feasibility of an experimental computerized training for fluent lexical retrieval in the second language in a classroom setting, applying techniques previously restricted to laboratory use. Results on both a lexical decision task and written lexical retrieval task show students in each condition have higher accuracy scores and superior…

An associative theory of memory is proposed to serve as a counterexample to claims that dissociations among episodic, semantic, and procedural memory tasks necessitate separate memory systems. The theory is based on task analyses of matching (recognition and familiarity judgments), retrieval (cued recall), and production (free association). (TJH)