Understanding latent variables is essential in EFL research. This article examines key latent variables, such as linguistic competence, cognitive ability and socio-cultural factors. These variables play a crucial role in shaping EFL learning experiences and outcomes. Researchers can use methods such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA),…

We develop a structural after measurement (SAM) method for structural equation models (SEMs) that accommodates missing data. The results show that the proposed SAM missing data estimator outperforms conventional full information (FI) estimators in terms of convergence, bias, and root-mean-square-error in small-to-moderate samples or large samples…

Longitudinal models provide researchers with a framework for investigating key aspects of change over time, but rarely is "time" itself modeled as a focal parameter of interest. Rather than treat time as purely an index of measurement occasions, the proposed Time to Criterion (T2C) growth model allows for modeling individual variability…

While flipped learning has attempted to explain the benefits of technology applied to educational settings, this study aims to validate research questions and test the theory of the learning strategies in flipped learning. A self-designed questionnaire, consisting of 17 critical indicators of online self-regulation, project-based learning and…

The applicability of digital technologies is increasing boundlessly and so are the opportunities of the end-users, with ample opportunities to embed these technologies in the teaching and learning process. Nonetheless, classroom adoption of technologies, particularly in mathematics remains on the lower end of innovation in teaching and learning.…

It is predicted that hundreds of chief enrollment management officer (CEMO) positions may become available due to high turnover within the next few years, creating an opportunity for a new generation of leaders. In this causal comparative quantitative study, data was collected from 211 current CEMOs to understand the challenges and highlights of…

Sophisticated analytic strategies have been proposed as viable methods to improve the quantification of student improvement and to assist educators in making treatment decisions. The performance of three categories of latent growth modeling techniques (linear, quadratic, and dual change) to capture growth in oral reading fluency in response to a…

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of relation between pre-service teachers' university image perception and student loyalty. This research is designed as correlational survey model. University image scale and student loyalty scale are used in this study. Study group consists of 419 pre-service teachers studying at a state…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teacher candidates about distance education teacher training classroom environments and to display the relationships among distance education classroom environment variables and course achievement. This study was designed according to relational survey research and employed structural…

We aimed to model the direct effects of the theorized relationships of academic self-efficacy, computer use self-efficacy, learning management system self-efficacy, internet and information-seeking self-efficacy, and online learning self-efficacy using structural equation modeling. The study proves that academic self-efficacy has positive…

The key objective of this study was to reveal the key factors that impact university students' continued usage intentions with respect to Learning Management Systems (LMSs). Given the context-dependent nature of e-learning, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was applied and extended with constructs principally…

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between a sustainable university brand and the intention of international students to study at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), one of Malaysia's premier universities. Moreover, the study explored the moderating effect of opinion leaders on the intention of international students to study at…

Automated writing evaluation (AWE) has been used increasingly to provide feedback on student writing. Previous research typically focused on its inter-rater reliability with human graders and validation frameworks. The limited body of research has only discussed students' attitudes or perceptions in general. A systematic investigation of the…

This study investigates the relations between school readiness and self-regulation skills of preschool children and parental involvement towards education of their preschool children. More specifically, we focused on the mediation role of preschoolers' self-regulation skills on the relation between parental involvement and school readiness. The…

This study examines the relationship between the individual motivational characteristics of young scientists (i.e. PhD students and post-docs) and their entrepreneurial intention, exploring also the mediating role of their third mission orientation. For this purpose, the authors considered the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship at the…