This study investigated the effect of two problem-solving techniques: (a) free-association with a direct reference to the problem, called shortly direct, and (b) free-association with a remote and postponed reference to the problem, called remote, on fluency and originality of ideas in solving ill-structured problems. The research design…

Stacey Brown energizes high school students with "brain-twisting" writing prompts, word games to hone vocabulary and spelling skills, and art to show complex ideas. Additionally, reading aloud to her class models fluent reading, expands students' vocabularies, builds community, and stimulates student-led discussions about the novel. (Contains 1…

Using a multiple probe design across responses, we demonstrated the effectiveness of intensive intervention in establishing spontaneous verbal responses to 2 3-year-old children with autism with generalization to novel settings involving novel persons. Intervention involved discrete-trial instruction (i.e., repeated instructional opportunities…

This article describes our experiences as six faculty members at a mid-sized state college whose collaboration grew into a substantive endeavor to improve writing pedagogy and practice across our disciplines of English, Educational Studies, Instructional Technology, Educational Psychology and Counseling. Within our practice, we approach writing in…

This book shows content area teachers in middle and high schools how to boost student achievement by including lessons and strategies which focus on students' reading comprehension without detracting from content area focus. These mini-lessons and strategies are research-based and address the specific literacy challenges of each particular subject…

The objective of the present investigation was to examine the comparability of writing prompts for different gender groups in the context of the computer-based Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM] (TOEFL[R]-CBT). A total of 87 prompts administered from July 1998 through March 2000 were analyzed. An extended version of logistic regression for…

This study explored the combined influences of daily activities and autonomy in activity engagement on adolescent daily positive and negative moods. Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) were used to obtain information about 8th- and 10th-grade students' (N = 517) mood, activities, and situation throughout the day. Participants responded to…

This paper explores the possibility of integrating cognitive theory into an established instructional development model, i.e., Gagne's nine events of instruction. Based on the third edition of Gagne's book, this paper describes the most up-to-date notions of how cognitive theory impacts on this development framework. Each of the nine events is…

Two experiments, each involving 96 sighted undergraduates, investigated the effects on braille learning of presenting information about the number of dots a symbol contains at the beginning of the study interval (prompting condition). In study 1, prompting was compared with presenting no information during the study interval. In experiment 2,…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE (1) TO IDENTIFY AND COMPARE THREE KINDS OF TRANSFER EFFECTS--AN EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH CUE REPETITION, A LEARNING-TO-LEARN EFFECT, AND A WARM-UP EFFECT, AND (2) TO EVALUATE THE USEFULNESS OF CUE-RESPONSE CORRELATIONS IN EXPLAINING TRANSFER EFFECTS. THE STUDY WAS BASED ON THE DEFINITION OF TRANSFER EFFECTS AS…

The effect of special practice frames (which contain no prompts) upon programed instruction was examined by using a program in counterinsurgency. The subjects, 32 Army enlisted personnel, represented two levels of verbal ability. The program was administered to each subject individually by an experimenter who used negative reinforcement. Although…

An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that a program of prompting, practice, and feedback would improve the beginning teacher's ability to observe pupil performance in the classroom. Eighty-four teacher education students were randomly assigned to four 35-minute treatments: (I) viewing an instructional video tape of 21 brief…

This study used reinforcement principles to investigate some procedures for helping a 4-year-old Mexican-American girl establish peer contact in a Head Start class. Although Diane was healthy and intelligent, she had a low rate of attendance at school and spent most of her time there in isolation. The first procedure employed in the study was the…

This study used five cueing systems composed of 16 cues each in combination with three topical areas to form cue-topic pairs which acted as stimulus items for the retrieval of naturally stored information. The five cue systems were composed of: randomly selected words, randomly selected nouns, the Wilson and Arnold system, a modification of the…

An experimental program was conducted to develop effective methods for producing and utilizing filmed demonstrations and instructional manuals. Four variations on conventional filmed demonstrations were evaluated: 1) revising an Army film through repeated tryouts with novices, 2) stopping the projector after each step is demonstrated to allow…