This article considers the construct of fluency in second language assessment and how it might be informed by research in applied linguistics. It briefly describes the way fluency is conceptualized in four language tests, as embodied in their respective assessment criteria, to show where the field is at present. The article then takes into account…

Pre-college student participation in science fairs, robotics competitions, computing contests and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) competitions increases every year in the United States. This is despite the fact that little is known about the relationship between STEM competition participation and career interest in…

In this study, we develop and test four measures for conceptualizing the potential impact of co-enrollment in different courses on students' changing risk for academic difficulty and recovery from academic difficulty in a focal course. We offer four predictors, two related to instructional complexity and two related to structural complexity (the…

The aim of this study is to determine the readiness level of prospective teachers for culturally responsive teaching and explore students' opinions about culturally responsive teaching and the impact of undergraduate education on their culturally responsive teaching readiness. This research employed a mixed method research design. The study group…

This paper explores metaphors as a process of professional learning, and as a research method to interrogate professional knowledge landscapes (PKLs) within the flexible space and time of online pre-service teacher education. The methodology comprised five pre-service teacher educators with different disciplinary areas of responsibility engaging…

In this study, it was aimed to predict elementary education teacher candidates' achievements in "Science and Technology Education I and II" courses by using artificial neural networks. It was also aimed to show the independent variables importance in the prediction. In the data set used in this study, variables of gender, type of…

Consequences of competition for global university rankings, such as changes in funding modes, have been extensively discussed in the field of higher education. However, few studies have reviewed its implications on knowledge production. This study provides a contextualised method for theorising the implications of this competition on the…

The Iowa Department of Education (Department) collects information on joint enrollment from Iowa's 15 community colleges. Jointly enrolled students are high school students enrolled in community college credit coursework. Most jointly enrolled students enroll through Senior Year Plus programs such as Postsecondary Enrollment Options (PSEO) and…

Thorndike (1969) proposed a three P theory of faculty grading orientations (FGOs) -- "perfection", "peers", and "potential", also known as Criterion-, Norm, and Self-referenced FGOs in the literature. Using data from a 2014 faculty survey I examined the responses of 1,742 faculty at 18 four-year, primarily teaching…

How teachers' eye movements can be used to understand and improve education is the central focus of the present paper. Three empirical studies were carried out to understand the nature of teachers' eye movements in natural settings and how they might be used to promote learning. The studies explored 1) the relationship between teacher expertise…

This study sought to contribute to literature on college students' literacy by exploring how undergraduate disciplinary literacies are constructed and enacted within disciplinary communities. A multiple case study design was used to understand how disciplinary novice and expert members shape the meaning inherent in their literacy practices. Four…

This report looks at the provision of General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) subjects in England in 2017. The data for these analyses were taken from the National Pupil Database (NPD). This is a database of results for all students in all subjects in schools and…

Background: Calls to improve student learning and increase the number of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) college and university graduates assert the need for widespread adoption of evidence-based instructional practices in undergraduate STEM courses. For successful reforms to take hold and endure, it is likely that a significant…

This study sought to understand predictors of faculty satisfaction with promotion and tenure processes and reasonableness of expectations in the context of a striving institution. The factors we investigated included discipline (high-consensus [science and math] vs. low-consensus [humanities and social sciences]); demographic variables; and…

Background: As one part of scientific meta-knowledge, students' meta-modelling knowledge should be promoted on different educational levels such as primary school, secondary school and university. This study focuses on the assessment of university students' meta-modelling knowledge using a paper-pencil questionnaire. Purpose: The general purpose…