The aim of this article is to analyse the educational strategies used by educators in out-of-school educational programmes for young people between 12 and18 years old. Taking an ethnographic approach, data collection was carried out through participant observation at seven programme sites where the participants assumed different levels of…

How does one teach dissent in a classroom which is a disciplinary space? As a pedagogue whose work is to instil philosophical and critical thinking in students, in this article I reflect on the modalities of teaching dissent versus teaching about dissent. While it is very possible that teaching about dissent may create a model for students to…

The concept and connotation of critical thinking are formed based on human activities and social development in Europe and America, while relevant studies in East Asia are lacking. How to deconstruct the characteristics, formation and deep reasons of critical thinking in the East based on its continuous and dynamic human activities is still a…

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of critical thinking and unconscious competence in the implementation of effective communication during group discussions, debates and dialogues. The necessary conditions for creating an effective educational environment conducive to the development of students' conversational skills are…

Critical thinking, a rational and open higher-order thinking mode in human cognition, is becoming imperative to success in modern life. Therefore, cultivating students' critical thinking has become a common goal of education reform worldwide. Teachers play a crucial role in cultivating students' critical thinking. However, existing studies have…

There is now increased awareness of the need to challenge 'common sense' ideologies of language in education, turning language classrooms into spaces of analysis and liberation. Key to achieving this goal is equipping students with the skills needed to navigate diverse, complex discourses about language (critical thinking), as well as fostering an…

The scholarship of teaching and learning is primarily concerned with improving student learning. Of course, we want our students to learn our disciplines, we want them to become critical thinkers, and we want them learn to write. But this study looks at how learning impacts a student's optimism or pessimism. We believe that it is an important…

Researchers have developed the concept of organizational stupidity to explain why some organizations lack the ability or willingness to create and use knowledge resources. Indicators of organizational stupidity include a lack of reflexivity, failure to provide justifications for decisions and actions, and avoidance of substantive reasoning. The…

With artificial intelligence (AI) technologies making significant evolutions over the past few years, there is a growing need for advertising students to get familiarized with the different types of AI technologies and explore and experiment with ways to adapt to such changes. This article illustrates the development and implementation of the…

This essay examines the tension between rigor and relevance in a newly designed EdD program in School System Leadership in a Research 1 institution. After a three-year redesign of this program that prepares students to become superintendents, our faculty continue to wrestle with questions around how to make methodology coursework meaningful,…

Global citizenship education (GCE) has emerged as a powerful force in global and national discourses, with scholars and dominant international organisations stressing it to be the overarching educational framework. Although numerous approaches have been adopted to promote it, most of the strategies focus on transnational activities. There is less…

Restrictions and challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic challenged higher education institutions to innovate to keep reaching teaching and learning goals. In South Africa, existing social inequalities were exacerbated by the pandemic restrictions and many students faced severe challenges in terms of access and support to aid in their…

This research was motivated by several obstacles, including teachers in the learning process only focusing on thick textbooks and the student worksheets provided by the school were less interesting and effective. The aim of this research is to develop chart learning media based on Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) to improve…

Critical and creative thinking abilities are part of 21st century skills that have not been well utilized. One effort to improve these abilities can be through project-based learning (PjBL). This quantitative study aims to determine the effect of the PjBL model on students' critical thinking and creative thinking abilities on the ecosystem…

Despite a plethora of studies on how to teach critical thinking (CT) in different subject classrooms, there is limited research on how teachers foster their CT and learn to teach CT through pre-service teacher education. Such a gap gives impetus to the present study, which seeks to examine to what extent and how a group of student teachers are…