A precorrection is an antecedent-based instructional approach designed to reduce problem behavior before it occurs. Colvin, Sugai, and Patching (1993) outlined seven steps as part of precorrection strategy. The purpose of this study is to determine if two of the seven steps are necessary components of the intervention package to reduce…

This study investigated the perspectives of Indonesian non-English major university students on factors that could affect their Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English as a situational affective construct affected by various surrounding factors. Involving seven university student participants from three categories of WTC level (low, medium,…

Child language acquisition research has provided ample evidence of lexical frequency effects. This corpus-based analysis introduces a novel frequency measure shown to significantly constrain adult language variation, but heretofore unexplored in child language acquisition research. Among adults, frequent occurrence of a form in a particular…

The purpose of this study is to understand the role of school relationships in shaping students' character development in middle childhood. Students and teachers completed surveys on student-teacher relationships, peer relationships, social-emotional learning (SEL), parent-teacher communication, and character strengths of fairness, hope, bravery,…

Lexical inference through reading is considered an important method for vocabulary building; however, empirical research has not consistently offered strong evidence of the application of lexical inference in second language vocabulary learning. A recently burgeoning line of research focuses on second language (L2) lexical inference of compounds…

A second language can be learned inside and outside the classroom. In this study we investigated the English and French vocabulary knowledge of 110 Dutch-speaking children (age 10-12), who received 100 hours of instruction in French, whereas their contact with English came from out-of-school exposure only. We examined the role of individual…

Background: Attitudes of classmates has been considered as one of the major problems in inclusive education, negatively influencing the participation of students with disability in school contexts. The goal of this study was to examine Italian typically developing children's attitudes towards their peers with disabilities. Method: In a sample of…

This qualitative research emphasized learning strategies in the process of full engagement by students and discovering the implementation of learning, science process skills, and learners' creativity. The selection of contextual teaching and learning methods due to teachers having a role more in strategy affairs while learners were more focused on…

To what extent does emotional reactivity differ when bilinguals process input in their native (L1) or non-native language (L2)? Does the L1 elicit a significantly stronger emotional arousal or can salient second language experience generate comparably strong associations between emotions and the L2? These questions were addressed through two…

This paper presents a study focused on how English language students and teachers in Chinese higher education experienced a set of interculturality-oriented teaching materials developed by the European RICH-Ed project. The investigation involved 2,267 students and 41 teachers, who had tested one of the teaching modules put forward by RICH-Ed to…

Research on parental educational involvement has been organized into three overarching domains--home-based involvement, school-based involvement, and academic socialization. Conventional empirical work in these domains typically centers involvement strategies around White, middle-class experiences rather than examining how optimal parenting…

Friendship group activities, as one of the learner-centered applications of collaborative learning, promotes learners' overall abilities and have been warmly welcomed into English as a foreign language (EFL) classes in China. However, because of the complexity of the multi-level classroom life, sometimes this application becomes problematic in the…

Students' mental health has been an increased concern since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, academic outcomes have received very little attention. In this study, changes in students' achievement motivation are investigated using an expectancy-value framework. Participants (n = 90) were high school students (grades 9 and 10) who…

Counterfactuals describe imagined alternatives to reality that people know to be false. Successful counterfactual comprehension therefore requires people to keep in mind both an imagined hypothetical world and the presupposed real world. "Counterfactual transparency," that is, the degree to which a context makes it easy to determine…

Proponents of character education claim cultivating virtues during schooling helps students, schools and society flourish but critics argue character education programs implicitly justify social inequality by assuming success or failure in life is due to individual character. There is little empirical research about which individual factors, such…