The application of computer technology in education is a relatively new approach that is trying to justify inclusion in the Kenyan school curriculum. Being abstract, with a dynamic nature that does not manifest itself visibly, the process of cell division has posed difficulties for teachers. Consequently, a computer simulation program, using…

The purpose of this study was to compare the mother-child and father-child interaction of six toddlers who were completely home reared with the interactions of six toddlers who were participants in a daily 3-hour playgroup. For the comparisons, both mother-child and father-child interactions were videotaped in a semi-structured laboratory setting.…

This paper reports the first results of a three-year longitudinal study of the social maps of children beginning the transition to adolescence. This exploratory study is guided by Bronfenbrenner's conception of the ecology of human development stressing the importance of a phenomenological orientation to development in the context of ecological…

The purpose of this study is to describe, document, and analyze the classroom management techniques an elementary school teacher uses to establish and maintain group norms. An analysis of the data collected for a teacher who used a group process approach to classroom management is presented. Two types of norms were observed operating in classroom…

This study investigates similarities and differences in the interactions of infants with mothers and fathers, and examines the structural characteristics of social interaction between infants and fathers. Data are based on analyses of videotapes showing face-to-face interaction of five healthy first born infants with their mothers and fathers. The…

This paper attempts to demonstrate the utility of an alternative strategy for providing evaluation data on preschool programs. Results of observational investigations of teacher-child interactions in three separate preschool settings provide evidence that the family income status, childs' sex and physical attractiveness determine to a significant…

Data on students participating in six peer-response groups in a college writing workshop revealed the role of student writers in weaving the web of critical response during the peer group discussion. Analysis showed that the student writers engaged in four main types of verbal activity concerning their papers: (1) asking questions about their…

This article describes the use of a Group Log to evaluate the personal growth experienced and group skills learned in group counseling in which the counselor-in-training writes a Group Log for each group experience. The evaluation criteria of the log are presented in terms of therapeutic forces and group dynamics observed, self-awareness…

Supervision is the application of knowledge, attitudes, and skills through human interaction to provide direction, support, or feedback. Supervision occurs in a specific situation, and, therefore, analysis of the situation may determine the skills and behaviors appropriate to that situation. Supervision is not accomplished through the application…

The purpose of the study was to find out if and how the subject matter of a remedial high school classroom interacted with the social organization of that classroom and the differences it made. Two classrooms with different subject matter (mathematics and social studies) were observed over the course of a school year. The multiple awarenesses and…

Ethnography as a classroom observation method addresses itself to the situations, events, patterns, and contexts that exist in a classroom at a given time. A priori categorical observation and evaluation systems measure what the system is designed to "see," and may fail to record anomolies and salient events that affect teaching and learning in…

To solve problems of causality and measurement in educational research, this paper combines seven variables into a proposed model of educational productivity on achievement tests. The authors first review psychological models of educational production that relate learning to aptitude and environment, and note that these models do not allow for…

The purpose of this study was to determine the ways in which three tenth grade English teachers in a suburban school district established procedural and academic routines. Two classes of each teacher were videotaped for the first ten days of the school year. The teachers were selected because they taught students of comparable ability, and because…

A study was conducted to describe the characteristics and effects of the verbal feedback offered by teachers to student miscues occurring during group oral reading instruction. Analyses were also made of the ways in which teachers varied feedback between students at different ability levels. The subjects were eight second grade teachers and their…

Experimental and supplementary observational studies of how children help one another learn are reported. In the experiment, developmental patterns in children's discourse in two common peer-learning situations were investigated. Sixty-four pairs of children, drawn equally from kindergarten and second grade, participated in the study. Dyads,…