This study tests the hypothesis that individual differences in locus of control orientation may mediate elementary school students' responses to positive verbal feedback. A total of 30 kindergarten through fourth grade subjects were assessed for locus of control orientation using the Bialer Children's Locus of Control Questionnaire. To establish a…

Intrinsic motivation and self-reinforcement can be used identically to explain behavioral persistence in the absence of external reward. Yet the relationship between these concepts has not been adequately explored. Since intrinsic motivation appears to be dependent on an interesting task and self-reinforcement independent of task, it was…

The effects of winning or losing and the impact of being "cut" from an athletic team on the self-concept of a volunteer group of adolescent boys was examined. State anxiety levels both before and after competitive events and "try-outs" were studied by means of a short form of Spielberger's children's trait anxiety inventory questionnaire. Results…

The relationship of student locus of control (SLOC) to six achievement measures and a number of student characteristics measured in a study of student performance in a reading tutorial program was examined. Subjects were 121 elementary and junior high students, individually tutored two hours daily by high school and college students and adults.…

This study was designed to: (1) investigate the relationships between internal-external (I-E) locus of control and academic achievement for boys and girls over a nine-month period and (2) to determine whether the moderate ability of I-E scores to predict academic achievement is due to the moderate reliabilities of the I-E measures. A total of 279…

This study examined the contribution of cognitively-oriented adjunct treatments to assertive training. Unassertive university students (N=42) were randomly assigned within an analysis of covariance design with three levels of treatment (Cognitive Self-Statement Training (CSST), Attribution Training (AT), and Behavioral Rehearsal (BR]. Multiple…

The Internal-External (I-E) Locus of Control scale (Rotter, 1966) was administered to 185 male and 185 female university students. The resulting scores were factored, producing two factors for males and four for females. The male factors were the generally-accepted "luck" and "powerful others"; for women, however, the "powerful others" dimension…

In order to understand what motivates children to participate in or avoid engaging in physical activities, it is necessary to understand something about motivation. There are two sources of motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from drives, psychological and physiological processes, and needs such as the desire for achievement and…

This paper describes six existing evaluator-auditor working formats and the conditions which foster credibility of evaluation findings. Evaluators were classified as: (1) member of project developmental team, accountable to project director; (2) independent internal evaluator, accountable to system in general but not to project directors, and (3)…

Individual differences in self-attributions in a forced-compliance task and following manipulations of facial expressions were found to relate, suggesting that the self-attribution processes are similar and that variations among individuals in these processes are general across contents and inputs. (Author)

The extent to which black and white adolescents justify the use of political violence to gain desired ends, and the extent to which they express behavioral intentions to engage in such violence to achieve political objectives are examined and compared. (Author/AM)

Suggests that stability level of an individual and the community in which he operates is directly related to a child's sense of control and consequently his achievement in school. Findings indicate that for whites, community stability is positively and significantly related to sense of control, with the inverse for blacks. (Author/AM)

Suggests that income and need-for-approval may be potent variables in the control orientation of black male students, but are not significantly related to control orientation of white male students. (Author/AM)

Children were assessed at the beginning and end of a school year on their perception of opportunities for self-management of their instruction and perception of academic locus of control. Perceptions of opportunity for self-management of instruction were causally prior to perceptions of academic locus of control. (Author/RD)

Factor analysis of Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale using a national sample replicated the distinction between personal control and control ideology. Personal control, but not control ideology, was related to higher socioeconomic status and mastery efforts over personal environment. External control ideology was related to greater…