The theoretical defensibility of applied linguistic intervention design provides the rationale for such designs, demonstrating how they are supported by theory, constructs, and analysis. Though founded upon science, imaginative design has its leading technical function as guiding lodestar. A scientific rationale for a plan underwrites the design,…

Creativity is typically defined as the generation of novel and useful ideas or artifacts. This generative capacity is crucial to everyday problem solving, technological innovation, scientific discovery, and the arts. A central concern of cognitive scientists is to understand the processes that underlie human creative thinking. We review evidence…

The human capacity for rational decisions hinges on modal judgment: the discernment of what could, has to, or cannot happen. This ability was proposed to be a late outcome of human cognitive development, contingent on the mastery of linguistic structures. Here, we show that preschool-age children are capable of sophisticated forms of modal…

Parent-child conflict interactions teach children about problem-solving and social conventions. We examined whether parents' sensitivity and the justifications they use during conflict discussions with children have unique and cumulative effects on changes in children's externalizing behaviors over time. Participants included 190 mothers and their…

Despite its proven added value, modeling-based learning (MbL) in science is not commonly incorporated into the early grades. Our purpose in this descriptive case study was to enrich our understanding of how kindergarten children enact MbL by examining these children's constructed models and their accompanying oral descriptions of their models. For…

The role of scientific reasoning in promoting scientific literacy during the early years of schooling is well acknowledged. Using the analytical framework for scientific reasoning skills by A. Opitz et al. (2017, "Educational Research and Evaluation," 23(3-4), 78-101), this multi-age observational study investigated the extent of…

Counterfactual emotions such as regret may aid future decision-making by encouraging people to focus on controllable features of personal past events. However, it remains unclear when children begin to preferentially focus on controllable features of such events. Across two studies, Australian 4-9-year-olds (N = 336, 168 females; data collected…

This study investigated inductive reasoning abilities in 3-5-year-old children across perceptual similarity and linguistic label conditions. Sixty-five typically developing children aged 3 to 5 participated in reasoning tasks involving natural and artificial targets. In the experimental design, children learned two contrasting characteristics…

In the Anthropocene era, science educators must equip students to reason through uncertainty and navigate value-laden environmental dilemmas. This study aimed to examine how preservice biology teachers make valuebased decisions when facing scientific uncertainty, using the case of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and its designation…

This paper introduces the concept of logical consistency in students' thinking in mathematical contexts. We present the Logical in-Consistency (LinC) instrument as a valuable assessment tool designed to examine the prevalence and types of logical inconsistencies among undergraduate students' evaluation of mathematical statements and accompanying…

As an academic discipline, mathematics is more than a set of computing mechanisms; it is argued by scholars that the quality of mathematics education is in decline today in human society. Historically, mathematics and philosophy had a close interrelationship enabling the understanding of various natural phenomena. According to Platonism of pure…

The perceived difficulty of a task is essential for recognising problems, adjusting effort, acknowledging the need for assistance or employing strategies and can be subjective in nature. Task difficulty has an activating, resource-mobilising effect on performing the task. We conducted a conceptual replication study with 246 university students,…

This article reports on a novel approach to integrate artificial intelligence into a digital collaborative platform embedded with a problem-based mathematics curriculum. Using design research methodologies, we developed a new "proof-of-concept" design feature called "student proportional reasoning arrows (SPArrows)." SPArrows…

Background: Recent studies have revealed the association between mapping and arithmetic (Ferres-Forga et al., "J. Numer. Cogn.", 8, 2022, 123; LeFevre et al., "J. Numer. Cogn.", 8, 2022, 1). Aim: The underlying mechanism remains unclear. Materials & Methods: The current study recruited 118 kindergarten children and followed…

In this conceptual paper, the author argues that equity research in mathematics education is a genre that operates according to certain implicit ideological and rhetorical rules and assumptions--or discursive formations--that form how one can think about equity and inequity. One such rule that forms the basis of this paper is the axiom of…