The psychosocial inventory of ego strengths (PIES) was devised as a measure of Erikson's eight ego strengths. The present investigation extended previous research through examination of the validity and reliability of the PIES among 502 high school students. The study also included an appraisal of Erikson's ego strengths as indices of psychosocial…

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior (CB) group intervention versus relaxation and guided imagery (RGI) group training. Method: A total of 114 early-stage breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to CB, RGI, or control groups, and instruments were completed at pre- and postintervention and 4 months later. Results:…

A study investigated why children choose not to read. Subjects, 21 fifth-grade students attending a Catholic school in Vancouver, British Columbia, completed "clock-sheets" detailing their activities outside of school over a 5-day period, were administered a measure of locus of control, completed a reading attitude survey, and were…

Using an attributional framework, the study examined college students' (N=529) expectations of their future economic outcomes and the role they perceived that discrimination would play in determining these outcomes. Expectancies for self, locus of causality for outcomes, self-esteem, locus of causality for failure, locus of causality for success,…

Students' expectancies for their future economic outcomes, differences in expectancies between ethnic groups, and the relationship of these expectancies to attributions and self-esteem are examined in two studies (Study 1, N=746; Study 2, N=2,130). An ANOVA was used. Study 2 is part of the first wave of a longitudinal study. Results indicate that…

This 2-year study examined the relative potency of locus of control (LOC) and motivational orientation (MO) as predictors of standardized achievement scores and learned helplessness. Also tested was the prediction that children with an extrinsic MO would be prone to adopt an external LOC over time. In the first year of the study, subjects were 158…

Past media research has tried to show that the medium itself made a difference in instruction and learning outcomes. However there are media attributes that must be considered in instructional design in conjunction with an analysis of the instructional goal. For example, the task requirements, type and level of learner-medium interaction, type and…

The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to determine whether a relationship exists between maternal depressive symptomatology and children's emotional well-being, and (2) to determine specifically whether it is the depressed mother's lack of supportiveness that affects her child's well-being. A total of 160 nonclinical population mother/child…

Instructional systems for bilingual children are extraordinarily under the teachers' control. The role teachers actualize and the classroom practices they engage in are determined by the teachers' work-orientations and incentive systems. Work-orientations and incentive systems are fundamental in the resolution of schooling dilemmas, i.e., control,…

Although the effect of teacher expectations on student performance has been well documented, little research has focused on the effect of teacher personality styles on student-teacher interactions. To investigate the effect of teachers' locus of control and their expectations of their own effectiveness on student success, 77 female college…

This study reports on the findings of a questionnaire administered to teachers in American schools abroad in Guatemala, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Data is reported in case study format for both a male and female teacher in Guatemala and the Netherlands. Special attention has been devoted to the analysis of the lives of American teachers…

Previous research has stressed the role of both expectancies and reinforcement in the decision making process. In order to determine if the measure of externality and internality correlates with an association between willingness to risk and external/internal locus of control, and to determine the role of social learning in students…

Research has shown that many behaviors previously thought to be purely psychological in origin do, in fact, have a physiological basis. To examine the relationship of smoking behavior to locus of control, and to attitudes toward, knowledge about, and behavior with respect to nutrition, 116 Canadian undergraduate students completed the Nutrition…

The relationship between classroom absenteeism and academic performance has been well documented. To assess the relationship between absenteeism and traditional stress risk/buffer factors, depressogenic attributional style, depression and academic performance, 68 students completed the Internal-External Control Scale, two versions of life event…

Male and female volunteer teachers' attitudes toward student performance is assessed. (DEP)