A span-of-apprehension task and a backward masking technique were combined to allow measurement of the apprehension span of a sample of 34 learning disabled and normal boys about 8 to 13 years old at various time intervals following stimulus presentation. (Author/SW)

Greater response vigor following nonreward compared to reward is termed the frustration effect. (Author)

Thirty 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old boys were subjects in this study whose findings suggest that the obtained differences in anticipatory heart-rate deceleration reflect developmental changes in the ability to maintain attention. (WY)

To explore possible age differences, the first experiment assessed speed and maintenance of alertness in 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults. The second study tested the hypothesis that developmental variation in processing speed observed in some studies was attributable in part to age differences in alerting processes. (MP)

When two nonoperative lights were added to each of the ends of a stimulus display in a four choice reaction time (RT) task, the RTs of mentally retarded and nonretarded young adults Ss were slowed to about the same extent. (Author)

Hearing loss, vision loss, and other physical impairments which are natural parts of the aging process can be compensated for in planning learning for older adults. Such impairments should not be taken as restrictions on the older adult's ability or desire to learn. (SK)