For some time, military behavioral scientists have attempted to find ways to identify the young person who could successfully complete basic training and become a useful soldier while also detecting those individuals who would not be able to adapt or adjust and might be returned to the civilian world. This paper reports on the investigation of the…

Results indicate that increased cross-sex competition increases fear of success in females. It appears, however, that the motive is largely formed before a girl reaches high school and that females who have not learned to avoid success in the presence of male classmates in elementary school do not fear success. (Author/BJG)

Success and failure were experimentally induced by means of a puzzle task, and subjects were then required to perform two dependent tasks from which outerdirectedness was inferred. Results supported the hypothesis that children shift from an outerdirected to an interdirected problem-solving style as age increases. (Author)

Recent work in attribution theory has shown the importance of not only the distinction between beliefs in internal and external causes, but also between relatively fixed, stable causes and those more unstable and subject to change. The relationships of causal attributions for success and failure in achievement and social affiliation with…

This study investigated developmental trends in children's attributions for success and failure in achievement and social situations. Twenty-four second graders, 21 fourth graders, and 24 sixth graders were shown pictures and told accompanying stories depicting either social and achievement success or social and achievement failure. They were then…

This paper presents an overview of current research on causal attributions for success and failure with a focus on theoretical developments since the Weiner et al (1971) paper and applications which have been made using this theoretical model. Theoretical advances include more sophisticated measurement of causal attributions, applications of the…

Urban Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC's) are faced with large case loads and long waiting lists. Clients failing the initial appointment represent a significant loss of staff time and resources to CMHC's. Despite the high rate of failed initial appointments reported, no studies have looked at means of reducing the failure rate. In the…

A PILOT PROGRAM IS BEING CONDUCTED AT HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY IN HEMPSTEAD, NEW YORK, THROUGH THE JOINT EFFORTS OF ITS READING CENTER AND HISTORY DEPARTMENT. THIS COORDINATED HISTORY-READING PROGRAM FOR COLLEGE FRESHMEN WAS DEVELOPED TO INVESTIGATE THE CAUSES OF STUDENTS' DIFFICULTIES IN A COURSE REQUIRING EXTENSIVE READING, TO ANALYZE THE CONTENT OF A…

THE PRESENT DILEMMA OF BOSTON'S PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM IS CAUSED BY THE STUDENTS' POOR READING AND ARITHMETIC ACHIEVEMENT, A LACK OF MODERN BUILDING AND MATERIAL FACILITIES, UNREALISTIC FACULTY PROMOTION POLICIES, RACIAL CONTROVERSIES, AND A LACK OF COOPERATION BETWEEN AGENCIES AND PERSONNEL SERVING THE SCHOOLS. STUDIES REVEALED THAT BOSTON STUDENTS…

THIS CONFERENCE WAS HELD IN AUGUST 1964 TO ENCOURAGE RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION IN THE AREA OF COLLEGE ATTRITION. APPROXIMATELY 25 PARTICIPANTS WERE SELECTED FROM VARIOUS DISCIPLINES. SELECTED PROCEEDINGS WERE REPORTED. PART ONE TOPICS WERE INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES, WARNING SIGNS OF THE DROPOUT, AVENUES OF PREVENTION, AIDS FOR DROPOUTS, AND…

The relationship between freshmen college persistence and self-report variables and objective academic indices is investigated. Follow-up data on persistence or non-persistence was gathered one and one-half years later, allowing one semester for attrition. Results indicate male non-persisters came from relatively low socioeconomic status families…

The development of attributional patterns for male and female success and failure in sex-typed activities was examined. A total of 243 children in preschool, first, third, fifth, and eleventh grades were given a booklet of eight drawings, each of which depicted a young adolescent completing a task. The drawings varied on sex of actor, sex-typing…

Records of a sample of 100 students receiving a total of 170 F grades were analyzed and showed that general education courses, remedial courses, and courses normally taken in high school accounted for most of the failing grades. It was also found that failing grades were received in transfer courses far more frequently than in…

There is an increasing appreciation of the significance of motivation in human behavior. "Achievement motivation" stands out as a useful construct for study in the area of motivational research along with the closely related concept of "fear of failure." Many view these two constructs as two sides of the same coin, but research has shown that…

The effect on comprehension of words containing more than one meaning was studied. In experiment one, subjects in grades four, five, and six were assessed on their ability to recall polysemous words and identify their meanings after having read them in sentence contexts. When words were assigned their primary sense in the sentences, subjects…