Discusses principles of learning and facilitating conditions for learning and behavioral change produced in an evaluation of the Operation Mainstream counseling education project in northern New England. (SE)

Describes ways in which a spiritual approach can contribute to the modern applied science of behavior change. Divides approach into three areas: conception of human nature, moral frame of reference, and set of techniques. Discusses and demonstrates the transitional person technique. (Author/BH)

Subjects (N=970) in five stages of smoking cessation completed test measuring 10 change processes: consciousness raising, dramatic relief, self-liberation, social liberation, counterconditioning, stimulus control, self-reevaluation, environmental reevaluation, reinforcement management, and helping relationship. Assessed 770 subjects six months…

Conducted prospective examination of factors associated with smoking relapse. Findings from 618 subjects revealed that, at year 1, signal detection analysis (SDA) produced one subgroup with 25 percent nonrelapse rate and another with 9 percent nonrelapse rate. At year two, SDA produced one subgroup with 19 percent nonrelapse rate and another with…

Measured 100 ex-smokers' self-efficacy for recovery of abstinence (SER) after lapse. Moderate SER subjects maintained abstinence nonsignificantly longer than did high SER subjects, significantly longer than low SER subjects. Findings are consistent with Bandura's hypothesis that SER should be high enough to avoid becoming hopeless if lapse occurs,…

Data on dietary intake and stages of change from 17,121 employees in the Working Well Trail show that a greater proportion have tried to reduce fat rather than increase fiber consumption. Stage of change predicted 8-13% of variance in dietary intake. (SK)

A four-phase investigation was completed to analyze the utility of forced-choice preference assessments when response effort and reinforcer delays are altered within a subsequent reinforcer assessment. The results indicated that access to highly preferred stimuli continued to serve as a reinforcer when increased response effort was required. When…

Single parenthood as a common psychosocial phenomenon seems to be regarded as one of the most significant issues in the psychological domain and needs to be taken into serious consideration due to emotional, psychological, and social problems created by it. With regard to the rapidly growing population of single parents and their children…

Eight first-grade students with either internalizing or externalizing behavioral risk factors participated in a supplemental reading intervention for 30 min per day. The intervention package consisted of three main components: instruction in word recognition, fluency, and appropriate behavior. A multiple-baseline design was employed to assess…

Both teacher and parent delivered consequences have been shown to be effective in improving the classroom behavior of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, there is a delay between the behavior and delivery of parent provided consequences. The delay may make the consequences less salient and effective, for…

The authors attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of education abroad from the standpoint of assimilation of Western sociocultural models and their subsequent reproduction under the conditions of Russia. The research strategy and the focus on the subjective perception of attending school abroad dictated the choice of the interview method for the…

The burdens related to mental illness have been increasingly recognized in many countries. Nevertheless, research in positive mental health behaviors remains scarce. This study utilizes the Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Causes in Education Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model to identify factors associated with mental health…

This study evaluated the effects and collateral effects of extinction (EXT) and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) interventions with inappropriate vocalizations and work refusal. Both interventions have been used frequently to reduce problem behaviors. The benefits of these interventions have been established yet may be…