Results of the study involving three autistic Ss (four to six-years-old) showed rapid acquisition of target behaviors only when the target behavior was a direct part of the chain leading to the reinforcer. (Author)

The study showed the effective use of omission training (reinforcing the S only when s/he fails to make the target response) in controlling stereotyped acts and in producing multiple effects. (Author/SB)

Results showed that restraint, in comparison to no restraint, reduced the amount of body rocking. Also, restraint was judged to be generally more effective if it were applied when the S was bent over in the middle of the response sequence rather than administered while the S was sitting upright at the end of the response sequence. (Author)

After the introduction of the stimulus (an illogical explanation of the cause of the behavior) the frequency of S 1's verbal outbursts and S 2's yelling out decreased markedly while S 3's completion of math problems increased significantly. (Author)

Common patterns of responding to the emotional/behavioral problems some deaf children exhibit in the classroom are compared. School programs serving deaf children can use this comparison as a basis for self-evaluation and planning. (Author)

The author reviews the history of the behavioral approach in treatment of autistic children and contrasts aspects of the disease or illness model with the learning or behavioral model. He states that the disease model failed in identifying the cause and in providing effective treatment for autism. (CL)

Investigated whether (1) a highly discriminable treatment procedure in one setting would produce a behavioral contrast effect in unmanipulated settings, and whether (2) such contrast-like trends could be eliminated if initially different reinforcement procedures in two settings were subsequently made similar. (Author/DB)

Describes the technique of behavior modification and its effect on fears, such as fear of airplane flights and sexual impotence. (Editor/RK)

In two studies, preschool children were given four tasks of two types and two levels of difficulty. It was found that generalization of compliance with instructions varied with task difficulty. (MS)

It is argued that successful therapeutic work with individuals and families in their natural environment can be greatly facilitated by the use of contracts. The steps that are essential in drawing up an effective contract are outlined. (MS)

Investigated whether stage of motivational readiness for exercise predicted adherence to an exercise intervention. Adults randomized into a trial had the exercise goal of completing or adding at least 10 miles of weekly brisk walking or jogging. Baseline exercise motivational readiness was assessed. Adherence was determined from logs. Overall, 64…

This essay addresses current attitudes toward the environment and use of the earth's resources and suggests that restoring harmony with the natural world lies in respecting the natural law observed by ancient and indigenous people. Discusses the role of environmental education programs such as the Earth Restoration Corps. (LZ)

Discusses developments in understanding smoking and smoking cessation, methodological issues, and intervention approaches over past 10 years. Reviews conceptual and empirical developments and trends within delivery contexts (self-help, work site programs, health care settings, community interventions). Identifies avenues of research. Suggest…

Examined role of self-efficacy beliefs in rehabilitation of 45 low back pain patients participating in 3-week rehabilitation program. Increments in self-efficacy beliefs during program were not associated with improved patient functioning at discharge. However, in support of theorized role of self-efficacy in behavior change, increments in…