In determining whether the technique of desensitization would reduce the initial anxiety experienced by the beginning counselor trainee, analyses of the data revealed significantly less self-reported anxiety in the experimental group. No differences were found in heart rate, skin resistance, and tape-evaluation measures. (Author/CG(

Limitations inherent in behavior modification and common misuses of the strategy are discussed. (RJ)

Since there is a shortage of consultants, teachers should be taught directly those principles which consultants use. Thus, the use of behavior change in a classroom of children is a prime criterion in evaluating the effectiveness of a training program aimed at the teacher. (Author/KJ)

A behavioral model relates observations of students' academic and social functioning to teaching strategies. In this system school psychologists acquire specific behavioral information about students' responses, types and schedules of reinforcement and sensory modes so they may select appropriate instructional strategies, including academic and…

Applied an integrative model of change to the study of subjects (N=872) changing their smoking habits on their own. The subjects represented five stages of change: (1) precontemplation; (2) contemplation; (3) action; (4) maintenance; and (5) relapse. Relapsers' responses were a combination of contemplation and action. (JAC)

Brief jogging sessions produced decreases in self-stimulatory behaviors and increases in appropriate play, responding, and classroom behavior in seven autistic children (4-14 years old). Changes were evident in a variety of settings. (Author/CL)

The paper surveys the use of electric shock with persons diagnosed as primarily mentally retarded and substantiates findings of positive effects, including response generalisation, increased sociability, and positive emotional behaviors. Ethical considerations relating to physical danger and choice of target behaviour are discussed briefly.…

The best methods of using mass media to create desirable behavior changes in extension education clients can be documented by records of requests for information; continued availability of mass media time or space; voluntary testimonials of viewers or readers; and information provided by retailers within the mass media area. (CT)

Reviews the stages of the refugee experience: perception of a threat; decision to flee; period of extreme danger and flight; reaching safety; camp behavior; repatriation; settlement or resettlement; adjustment and acculturation; and residual states and changes in behavior caused by the experience. (Author/MK)

Introduces a conceptual framework aimed at integrating the conservation behavior literature and facilitating the comparison of findings across studies. Describes seven approaches to encouraging conservation behavior from the theoretical perspectives of attitude change, behavior modification and behavior maintenance. (Author/MK)

Discusses studies in thermal comfort which served as the basis for the comfort standard. Examines seven variables in the human response to the thermal environment in terms of the ways in which they can be modified to conserve energy. (Author/MK)

Invites counselors to transform personal perspectives on the processes of being economic and offers an experience of comprehension. The counseling goal, personally achieved comprehension through application of economic principles in guidance procedures, contributes to this creation of value. (Author)

In this challenge study of 18 children, aged 4-12, on the Feingold Diet to reduce hyperactivity, evaluations of 14 objective measures in a double-blind, cross-over design yielded no significant differences between diet infraction and noninfraction. (Author/SJL)

Approximately 300 children in seven elementary schools used the Feingold diet for two weeks. Of the total sample, 8.5% improved by five points or more. The mean before diet scores of improved Ss were below the cut off value for hyperactivity, indicating hyperactivity itself is not a necessary condition for improvement. (Author)