It is proposed in this report that theories about reading processes and about the structure of what is read can be readily formulated in schema theory terms. Previous work on the structure of texts is first reviewed and problems with earlier formalisms and scoring methods are discussed. Analyses are then presented of the structure of three types…

In response to research indicating that elementary school children have little or no understanding of the reading process, this paper presents the following statements designed to help students develop a good concept of reading: reading is when meaning is reconstructed from written symbols, reading is a way of satisfying our needs, reading is…

To assess the success of third grade readers in segmenting written text into the ideational groupings judged appropriate by adult readers, 22 students were given two prose selections and told to mark each location where a good reader might pause or take a breath while reading a story out loud. Their pausal locations were then compared to those…

Creative dramatics or child-oriented dramatic play is a basic educative process that draws upon the learning strategies developed in children's play and relates them to classroom learning tasks. As a structured play process that encourages children to explore the world in ways familiar to them, creative dramatics relates new experiences to old…

The focus article in this newsletter contains a discussion of the theory of reading as a thinking process and offers practical suggestions for implementing instruction in teaching reading as a thinking process. The section on theory is based on observations of the reading process as perceived by psycholinguists such as Frank Smith and Kenneth…

This report examines how the making of inferences plays a role in the comprehension of narratives. The report poses and discusses seven questions: What are inferences? What functions do they perform? What is required to make inferences? What processes are involved? What kinds of inferences are there? How can readers' inferences be assessed? Can…

The ten reading research studies published since 1955 and deemed by the author "most important" in terms of quality, originality, and applicability to elementary reading instruction are described in this report. Discussed are studies on reading approaches by Russell Stauffer and by Neville Bennett; a study on reading readiness by Audrey…

THE INDIVIDUALIZED METHOD OF TEACHING READING IS BEING USED IN SCHOOLS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, AND MORE AND MORE SCHOOLS ARE BEGINNING TO TRY IT. THE MONOGRAPH WAS PREPARED TO HELP THOSE INTERESTED IN INDIVIDUALIZED READING TO UNDERSTAND THE METHOD, THE PROBLEMS WHICH MAY ARISE, AND HOW IT COMPARES, IN DETAIL, WITH THE METHOD OF GROUP READING.…

THIS SECOND ISSUE OF VOLUME 1 OF "THE OKLAHOMA READER" PRESENTS SIX ARTICLES IN AN EFFORT TO EXTEND THE WORK OF THE OKLAHOMA READING COUNCIL TO TEACHERS THROUGHOUT THE STATE. THE ARTICLES CONCERN PLANS FOR A REMEDIAL PROGRAM, THE ROLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN BASIC READERS, WORD ATTACK SKILLS, STRENGTHENING ATTENTION SPAN, CRITICAL READING, USE OF…

A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF PERCEPTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS TO READING AS MEASURED BY THE CALIFORNIA READING TEST, THE GATES- MCKILLOP DIAGNOSTIC READING TEST, A WORD REVERSAL TEST, AND A REVERSED WORDS IN CONTEXT TEST IS REPORTED. THE PERCEPTUAL TASK OF MATCH ADJUSTMENT WAS USED AS THE SPATIAL ORIENTATION MEASURE AND FOR BOTH SHAPE AND SIZE…

IN ORDER TO MAKE A MACHINE THAT CONVERTS WRITTEN TEXT INTO SPOKEN LANGUAGE (READING MACHINE), IT WOULD BE NECESSARY TO MAP SENTENCES OF WRITTEN ENGLISH ONTO CORRESPONDING SENTENCES OF SPOKEN ENGLISH, IN A CONVERSION WHICH THE AUTHOR CALLS "SYNTHETIC ELOCUTION." IN THIS TYPE OF CONVERSION, THE ASSIGNMENT OF PROSODIC FEATURES TO SENTENCES…

EFFORTS WERE MADE IN THIS STUDY TO (1) RELATE THE AMOUNT OF SILENT SPEECH DURING SILENT READING TO LEVEL OF READING PROFICIENCY, INTELLIGENCE, AGE, AND GRADE PLACEMENT OF SUBJECTS, AND (2) DETERMINE WHETHER THE AMOUNT OF SILENT SPEECH DURING SILENT READING IS AFFECTED BY THE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY OF PROSE READ AND BY THE READING OF A FOREIGN…

Most methods of literary analysis operate at so high a level of abstraction that the basic meaning is obscured. In the classroom the temptation is to ignore the physical text and to focus attention and discussion on secondary issues which arise out of the text. A distinction needs to be made between reading literature and interpreting or analyzing…

One framework for reading instruction that focuses on the message suggests that all words can be classified as matter or relation references. This framework is applicable to the words and symbols used in mathematical symbolic sentences when they are defined as two or more names for numbers of sets joined together by a relation symbol. The use of…

This segment of a series of studies to ascertain the degree to which visually impaired persons use the Library of Congress National Library Service for the blind and physically handicapped (NLS) focuses on the characteristics of the potential user population. Data are presented on the following topics: (1) the framework for examining the…