In an investigation of the "shaping" function of postquestions in prose and of a new methodological approach, fifth-grade children read forty text cards, each consisting of four attributive statements. Each card was followed by an experimental question, which during training tested information related to specified concepts or positions, or…

These proceedings emphasize multidisciplineary theory and research having implications for behavioral science and/or education. The contributions deal with one or more of the following questions: (1) How can one characterize the knowledge structures which underlie behavior associated with subject matter disciplines such as mathematics and…

This book provides the basic structure for the teaching of reading in California and is designed for use by teachers of reading or by teachers in areas in which reading is important to the student's educational growth. Following an introduction to the reading framework, contents include "Philosophy, Goals, and Objectives of the Reading…

To comprehend effectively, students must be taught how to analyze the particular comprehsnsion tasks before them in order to determine the specific thinking processes necessary for the solution of these tasks at the appropriate level of difficulty. Rather than teaching specific comprehension skills in an abstract, formulistic manner separated from…

Perception has become an important term in recent literature on reading problems and their solutions. However, the relationship between perception and reading has not been clarified. Tests of visual perception often focus on skills such as copying geometric designs which have little or nothing to do with reading skills or readiness. Researchers…

This paper discusses two aspects of reading as a cognitive process as they relate to instruction based on the intellectual operation performed during the act of reading. The first consideration is an assumption that comprehension skills are based on a set of underlying cognitive tasks or operations which can be developed through instruction. The…

The process of reading and how children learn to read is the focus of this book. Practical experience is related to studies in developmental psychology, and the special needs of individual children are also considered. The basic areas of consideration are: (1) learning theories and the reading process, (2) stages in cognitive growth and reading,…

This study is an attempt to identify one source of individual differences in the extent to which readers learn from text and the means for accommodating it. Eighty college students were administered a series of aptitude tests and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. The subjects then received six passages, each passage followed by a…

The author reviews findings in perception, cognition, psycholinguistics, and motivation, concentrating on the development of these processes in the nonreading and beginning reading child rather than in the mature processes of a skilled reader. She offers the following conclusions: (1) Research in perception suggests that there are developmental…

A collection of articles reflecting the underlying concern of British contributors with continuity--conceiving reading and learning as a whole throughout the school years--comprises this special issue of "English in Education." Specific topics treated are: "What Children Learn in Learning to Read" by R. Morris; "Reading without Primers" by W.…

The preliterate child must acquire from reading instruction at least the following skills: (a) appropriate scanning behavior, (b) letter and word recognition, (c) letter-sound generalizations, and (d) comprehension of written materials, at least to the degree that the reader can comprehend the same message when received aurally. Almost all modern…

The National Assessment of Reading was not based on any one particular approach to the subject of reading. Its primary assumption was that information would help anyone who is interested in reading--regardless of his approach to the subject--determine for himself how well Americans read. The results of this assessment are reported according to a…

A survey of the literature concerning the mental processes used in reading reveals a proliferation of molecular theories which explain only a small (and frequently neurological) component of the reading act. Enough information exists, however, to sketch an integrated, molar model of the reading process, which stresses the interrelationships…

A sample of 100 first graders participated in a study of the relationship between three types of spacing used in written sentences for segmenting word boundaries and pupil errors in completing word-boundary tasks. The results indicated that eliminating printer's word boundaries in written sentences had a significant effect on first graders'…

The reading act and the teaching of black children should not be treated as incidental by either white or black educators. The role of teacher-training institutions should be to instruct future teachers in the reading processes, reading readiness stages, basal reading programs, formal and informal reading tests, black dialects, reading approaches,…