This study develops an information model based on the processes involved in reading and listening as a step toward constructing a single framework for understanding both these skills. Assuming that analogous structures and processes occur in reading and listening, similar experimental questions are asked in both areas. The model incorporates data…

An examination and evaluation of the papers presented at the Pittsburgh conference on the theory and practice of beginning reading instruction shows that there is little interaction between basic research in reading and applied work on reading instruction. Classroom instruction relies more on intuition and experience than on laboratory research,…

Greater understanding of reading can come about only after more basic reading research has been accomplished. Basic research should focus on what constitutes good reading, which means that the type of research that will identify characteristics of good reading must be a detailed assessment of variable effects on reading behaviors (not whether…

This dissertation presents a systematic review of literature published from 1861-1974 and available in English which deals with children who may be classified as learning disabled by current federal law. The purposes of the review were to trace the studies of behaviors related to learning disabilities, to identify key studies on which later…

Recent developments in cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence have shown that various types of prior knowledge play important roles in understanding during text processing and have resulted in a new kind of model for conceptual processing, "procedural semantics." This paper discusses two types of units, or schemata, which,…

The development of a story grammar represents an attempt to describe the higher order cognitive structures that are used to encode, represent, and retrieve information from stories such as folktales or fables. These structures, defined as a set of rewrite rules, specify the types of information that should occur in stories and the types of logical…

This paper describes a college course that relates psycholinguistics to language-arts instruction. The course structure is designed to achieve several objectives for the student: understanding of reading as a psycholinguistic process that interacts with listening, writing, and speaking processes; awareness and understanding of the many aspects of…

This journal summarizes the information presented in the final report of Project BR-5-0391, Grant OEG-32-20-0450-1032 of USOE/DHEW. Four reaction papers are presented. The 745-page report is available through ERIC (ED 014 406).

Teachers read student papers with both eager and anxious expectancy about discourse they have caused but not written. Whatever the teachers may have said about what they will look for as they read, they still measure each paper against their ideas about appropriate performances in each of the categories of textual analysis. They are not reacting…

While most present research suggests that visual information acquired from peripheral visual areas on one fixation during reading facilitates the identification of words available on the next fixation, some researchers hold with the "word unit hypothesis," which suggests that information gained peripherally from a word on one fixation…

Opening with a discussion of the role of computer simulation in cognitive psychology, this paper proceeds to examine the major perspectives on computer simulation as a tool for theoretical research on cognitive processes. The claim that computer simulation enforces rigor in theory specification is analyzed; the use of simulation as a method for…

Arguing that skilled reading is the result of the successful acquisition of a number of highly automatic component processes that operate together in an integrated manner, this paper describes a series of studies of good and poor high school readers representing three general domains of processing: decoding, analyzing and comprehending text, and…

Ninety-three first grade children participated in a study that examined the relationship among instructional materials, other factors such as test scores, and the growth and application of letter-sound correspondence knowledge. The study also sought to determine the importance of letter-sound correspondence knowledge in the acquisition and…

Considering what is known about computers, reading strategies, and cognitive theory, there is no doubt that computer technology has the potential to make a difference in schools. However, program development and school site implementation need careful guidance from educators and researchers who are knowledgeable about process research, aware of…