Presents an exploration of conversation in a single episode of a 12th grade girls' calculus class. Analyzes Habermasian communicative competence which requires students to show critical thinking and the ability to express their views. Explains learning outcomes by teachers' mode of questioning, cooperative endeavor by students, instructional…

This study found that 33 children (ages 7-16) with learning disabilities were deficient in their inferential skills compared to normally achieving children but were not deficient in the metacognitive skill of paying attention to errors. Results also indicated that LD children do not constitute a homogeneous group. (JDD)

Examines the ethics of fostering false inference. Presents and discusses a hypothetical case in which a firms's proposal seems intended to mislead, while actually stating nothing that is not literally true. (KEH)

Four measurement designs are presented for use with correlation coefficients corrected, in one variable, for attenuation due to unreliability (partially disattenuated). Associated asymptotic variance/covariance expressions are presented. Empirical simulation results illustrate the satisfactory Type I error control and statistical power of the…

Investigated the effects of cue adequacy on second language learners' ability to infer and remember the meaning of new words. Subjects who received cue-adequate sentences reported greater ease in word inference, scored higher in inferring and remembering the contextual meanings of new words, and better retained the contextual meanings of targeted…

Describes the Inferential Training Technique (ITT), a modified cloze procedure and self-monitoring checklist focusing on the inferential process. Notes that this strategy improves reading comprehension and inferencing skills, and can be applied to content area reading. Provides a sample cloze passage, inferential questions, and worksheet guide for…

Twenty-two subjects with autism were tested on three perspective-taking tasks. Subjects were successful on two tasks that required them to make relatively direct connections between eating and hunger or visual access and knowledge. They failed a task which used stimuli of a more transient nature and less predictable reactions of the protagonists.…

Previous research suggests that not until about age six do children recognize that one can gain knowledge through inferential rather than direct means. Three experiments were conducted in which important task information was made more salient to determine whether children's performance in previous research on their understanding of inference had…

Principles of statistical process control are applied to a clinical setting through the use of control charts to detect changes, as part of treatment planning and clinical decision-making processes. The logic of control chart analysis is derived from principles of statistical inference. Sample charts offer examples of evaluating baselines and…

In one experiment, second and fourth graders used more categorical information when they made inferences than did preschoolers. In two other experiments, second graders, but not preschoolers, distinguished between categorical information and appearance when they made inferences about known concepts and familiar properties. (BC)

Discusses approaches to the integration of query-based information retrieval and browsing in a hypertext network. A prototype system developed to evaluate the proposed approach in terms of retrieval effectiveness and search efficiency is presented, and design and implementation issues concerning the prototype are considered. (30 references) (EA)

Used the confirmability model a method for assessing individuals' perceptions of other persons, to study developmental differences in the amount of information children and adults require to infer various traits. Found differences in the amount of information required to infer different traits and evidence of subjects' negativity and egocentric…

Four studies determined when first, second, and third graders recognize that they make inferences to understand text, and the effect of this recognition on their ability to revise text and monitor its informativeness. Younger children tended to attribute inferred information to the text, while older children clearly distinguished inferred and…

Recent work on memory independence and memory interference in cognitive development has been conducted under fuzzy trace theory. Both memory-to-reasoning and reasoning-to-memory interferences were detected in 3 studies of inferences from stories by 94 4- and 5-year olds and 94 7- and 8-year olds. (SLD)

This study used survival analysis to overcome problems of principled generalization and individual variability in analysis of the conversational speech of 24 children with speech delay recorded over two years. The derived normalization probabilities were lagged according to the strong delay hypothesis and results converged with previous normative…