Proposes an alternative to Milgram's overload model of urban behavior. Suggests that intense, complex and/or novel stimuli may lead to positive as well as negative effects, and that this may vary across persons or over time. Presents data that confirm the importance of urban complexity as an organizing variable. (Author/GC)

The author suggests ways in which teachers can modify existing media to meet the needs of hearing impaired students in English and science activities. The development of a mediated program using visual stimuli directions is also described. (CL)

The study of how signs convey meaning is applied to photographs, which are deemed the ideal vehicle for intercultural communication because of their realistic nature. Several classes of signs are identified and their meanings discussed. (JEG)

Using a visual conditional stimulus and an auditory unconditional stimulus in a trace procedure, the heart rate conditioning of 16 infants ranging in age from two to seven months was evaluated. (MP)

Infants' looking and looking-away behaviors, as well as cardiac responses to mothers' spontaneous and imitative faces and to dolls' animated and still faces, were recorded for 18 term and 19 preterm infants when they were three months old. (JMB)

The ability of young infants between the ages of 8 and 17 weeks to perceive outline shapes was investigated in nine experiments using an habituation paradigm. (JMB)

Defines six types of illustrations and reports on a study of student preference for those picture styles. The subjects (380 students in grades K, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 11) generally preferred photographs, with realistic drawings ranked second. But there were significant differences between sexes and age groups. (Author/JEG)

Evidence for the hypothesis that the appearance of visually presented words is stored in "literal copy" form is critically evaluated and shown to be inconclusive. An experiment in which students were required to retain information about zero, one, or two visual properties of words is reported. (Editor)

Subjects worked on a problem, engaged in an intervening activity, and then resumed work on the problem. Different intervening activities represented various mechanisms that produce incubation (e.g., set breaking, facilitation by analogy, review of the problem's elements). These various treatment groups were compared to a control group that worked…

To hold student interest, distance learning instructors need to think and present ideas visually. Presentations should be limited to three or four key points that would benefit from visual depiction. Visual aids used for presentation may be image-related, concept-related, or arbitrary graphics. Sophistication of visual aid is not as important as…

Examined infants' use of configural and physical knowledge in segregating three-dimensional adjacent displays. Found that infants do use configural knowledge: they expect similar parts to belong to same unit and dissimilar parts to belong to distinct units. Also found that physical knowledge, such as impenetrability and support, influences their…

Addresses a "critical" or "reflective" visual literacy. Situates visual representations and their interpretation (the construction of meaning) within a context that raises questions about benefit and power. Explores four main topics: the image as text; analysis and meaning construction; visual literacy as a liberatory practice;…

In order to shed light on the needs of children with cortical visual impairments, normal visual development of infants is described. Infant preferences for motion, faces, and black-and-white patterns are explained. Colors useful in stimulating vision development and the time needed for exposure to visual stimuli are discussed. (CR)

Discusses two naming experiments in which it was shown that response times for morphologically structured pseudowords are faster than those for orthographically matched controls. Argues that the results, which are consistent with those obtained in lexical decision tasks with morphologically structured pseudowords, provide support for compositional…