In reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, decision makers learn the values of actions in a context-dependent fashion. Although context dependence has many advantages, it can lead to suboptimal preferences when choice options are extrapolated beyond their original encoding contexts. Here, we tested whether we could manipulate context dependence in RL…

Digital literacy is a crucial skill set within the social, political, and economic contexts of 21st-century society. Around the world, governments are making a concerted effort to develop digital literacy within adults, as indicated through Sustainable Development Goal 4. However, working learners from a variety of backgrounds and geographies…

Background: There are only few guidelines on how instructional videos should be designed to optimize learning. Recently, the effects of social cues on attention allocation and learning in instructional videos have been investigated. Due to inconsistent results, it has been suggested that the visual complexity of a video influences the effect of…

Despite an increasing interest in the sociocultural aspects of teacher professional development and the recognition of context in teacher education, there is a lack of a conceptualisation of how professional learning occurs within and across various contexts. To this aim, we take up a view of professional learning that is dialogic and apply the…

This paper presents a Teaching Motivation Model that conceptualizes motivation for faculty teaching. The model was informed by the self-determination theory, the self-control strength model, and the review of the literature on college teaching. The Teaching Motivation Model presents a more comprehensive account of faculty teaching motivation and…

The purpose of this study was to better understand how white students are socialized to think about race in their precollege environments. While a great deal of scholarship has examined the racial attitudes, beliefs, and ideologies of white students in college, much less is known about how race is learned and rendered significant in precollege…

Mentoring has the potential to benefit preservice, new teachers, and experienced teachers, but it is a complex process with few agreements about what might make it most effective. Furthermore, due to teacher demographics affecting the availability of veteran teachers, mentors are consequently drawn from various career points, and some of them have…

This article explores how teachers in Finland, Norway, and the United States reflect on their professional space for decision-making when planning. Various planning activities are at the core of teaching practice, and contextual factors are also at play. Teachers' reflections on decision-making when planning might therefore be expected to vary.…

Purpose: To identify how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States are screening for and identifying dysphagia. To do this, we examined the approaches most often used to screen for dysphagia and the influence of contextual factors such as setting, continuing education and means of staying up to date with the most current literature…

"Motivation and Emotion in Learning and Teaching across Educational Contexts" brings together current theoretical and methodological perspectives as well as examples of empirical implementations from leading international researchers focusing on the context specificity and situatedness of their core theories in motivation and emotion.…

English Medium Instruction (EMI) has been defined as 'the use of the English language to teach academic subjects (other than English itself) in countries or jurisdictions where the first language (L1) of the majority of the population is not English' (Macaro, 2018, p. 19). This definition has proved to be controversial but has underpinned the work…

The widespread Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted life for students and institutions worldwide. Such impacts may have affected the students' academic performance and mental health. In the current study, we aimed to explore the mediating role of mental health between fear of COVID-19 and academic stress among Gaza's university students during the…

This study focuses on how first-generation college students understand their first-generation identity in relation to their other multiple identities. Through photovoice methodology, students demonstrate the meaning making of being first-generation college students related to their other social identities. This study discusses four themes: (a)…

Living and learning in the United States in 2023 is different than it was decades ago. The proliferation of mis/disinformation vis-a-vis digital means is causing "truth decay," with an increase in disagreement amongst citizens about what is opinion and fact. Such disagreements constrain opportunities for healthy democratic dialogue. To…

Anxiety and school fears are relatively frequent in childhood. Psychology and education professionals need to have assessment instruments for screening for school anxiety in schools. This study aimed to develop, adapt, and examine the reliability and validity evidence of the School Anxiety Inventory for Primary Education (SAI-PE) scores. Using…