Since statistics on television viewing and television ownership suggest that this medium is a pervasive and powerful influence on most people's lives, it is potentially informative to identify and study that relative handful of people who are not regularly exposed to television, identifying their defining characteristics. In contrast to previous…

The influence of expectations and hypothesis testing on subjects' use of particular types of evidence to estimate covariations was investigated. Results of the first study indicated that all subjects relied most on positive confirming evidence and did not over-utilize evidence that was consistent with expectations. Results of the second study…

A telephone survey conducted in Lansing, Michigan, in 1976, which segmented voters according to their orientations on a proposed state bill to ban nonreturnable beverage bottles, is described in this paper. First, background is presented on the issue of returnable versus nonreturnable bottles, the main provisions of the proposed bill are listed,…

The relationship between dispositional level of self-disclosure or disclosure flexibility--a measure of appropriateness of self-disclosure with respect to social-situational norms--and indices of effective interpersonal functioning were investigated in two experiments. Results of Study I revealed that when differences in social desirability were…

Although different philosophies may motivate presidential-press relations, causing frequent friction or adversity, there is nevertheless a strong degree of cooperation and collaboration between the press and a president of the United States. This interdependence has been particularly evident in recent administrations, and it progresses…

The purpose of this paper is to describe the composite caregiver and child behavior variables used in the analysis of the data collected in the National Day Care Home Study: a three-year survey of day care homes in the United States. First, most frequently occurring behaviors are indicated. Then, the factor analyses of patterns of behaviors which…

With the increased longevity American women experience, it is important to begin to define the strengths and resources women bring to old age. Late parental, married women with a mean age of 58 (N=75) completed an interview questionnaire which included open- and closed-ended and scale items. Data analysis developed four life-style orientations…

THE POVERTY SYNDROME IS A COMBINATION OF MANY NEGATIVE FACTORS, AMONG WHICH ARE LOW INCOME AND ABSENCE OF FAMILY LIFE. THE EROSION OF FAMILY LIFE IN MANY POOR FAMILIES IS DUE LESS TO A LACK OF RECOGNITION AND AFFIRMATION OF SO-CALLED MIDDLE-CLASS VALUES, THAN TO THE INABILITY TO SUPPORT THESE VALUES. BEHAVIOR OF THE BULK OF POOR FAMILIES APPEARS…

RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS INTO ACQUIRED VS. INHERENT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS WERE PRESENTED. FINDING REVEALED THAT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS WERE AFFECTED BY THE ATTITUDES OF THEIR SCHOOLS TOWARD THEM AND TOWARD EDUCATION IN GENERAL. SEX DIFFERENCES IN BASIC INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT, AND PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY…

THE STUDY ATTEMPTED TO RELATE THE DEGREE OF SPEECH FLUENCY TO SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS OF THE SPEAKER. THE FORM OF THE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP ACTED SELECTIVELY ON THE SPEECH POSSIBILITIES OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND AGAIN IN SOME WAY THESE POSSIBILITIES CONSTRAINED BEHAVIOR. THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE TRANSFORMED LANGUAGE POSSIBILITIES INTO A…

THE CHOICE OF GOALS AND PRACTICES TO BE UTILIZED IN APPROACHES TO EFFECTING BEHAVIORAL CHANGE IS USUALLY DETERMINED BY THE PRACTITIONER'S VIEW OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BEHAVIORAL ORGANIZATION. TWO BEHAVIOR THEORIES ARE THE PROJECTIVE VIEW AND THE REFLECTIONAL VIEW OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BEHAVIORAL ORGANIZATION. IN THE PROJECTIVE VIEW,…

TO ASSESS THE SENSITIVITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF TEACHER TRAINEES IN SITUATIONS WHERE THE LEARNER'S FRAME OF REFERENCE DIFFERS FROM THE TRAINEE'S, A METHOD ENTITLED COMMUNICATION TASK WAS EMPLOYED. THE TRAINEE WAS TOLD TO COMMUNICATE (IN 15 MINUTES) THE CONCEPT OF THE BALANCE OF POWER IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO A "ROLE PLAYER," WHOSE…

THIS PAPER SUMMARIZED THE RESULTS OF SEVERAL STUDIES CONDUCTED BY THE AUTHOR TO (1) INVESTIGATE THE GENERALITY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REACTIVE INHIBITION AND ACHIEVEMENT AND (2) DETERMINE FACTORS THAT AFFECT INHIBITORY POTENTIAL. THESE STUDIES WERE MADE WITH A VARIETY OF SAMPLE GROUPS. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REACTIVE INHIBITION AND ACHIEVEMENT…

Data collected from 161 married couples were analyzed for communication patterns indicative of "domineeringness" and "transactional redundancy" (the degree of randomness contained within a couple's communicative behavior). From this data came the following observations: There is a negative correlation between domineeringness, particularly by the…

Many research efforts have focused on the effect of client and counselor sex on the process and outcome of counseling. It was hypothesized that same-sex counselor-client dyads would develop a more open, empathic relationship than would opposite-sex dyads, and that this would be reflected in the number of sessions the counseling dyad spent…